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Unit 1
1. add up—add A to B—add up to—add to=increase—addition—in adition
2. upset—表不高兴的词annoyed, bored, angry, unhappy, cast down
3. ignore=take no notice of=pay no attention to=think little of—较regardless of=ignoring
4. have got to=have to
5. calm—quiet安静—silent沉默—still不动—calm down
6. be concerned about＝be worried about—be anxious about—care about
7. loose—较lose—loss—lost—loosely ↔strictly
8. go through=experience
9. set down=write down=note down=record
10. outdoors ↔indoors—outdoor—indoor
11. on purpose= by design ↔by accident=by chance,
12. in order to=so as to—in order that=so that+从句
13. at dusk—at dawn-towards evening-at night-at noon—at midnight
14. thunder—lightning
15. entirely=completely=totally—entire=whole
16. power—powerful
17. dusty=dirty—dust=dirt—snowy—rainy—foggy—cloudy- hilly
18. settle－settler—settlement—settle down—be settled 安定下来了
19. suffer—suffering—suffer from
20. loneliness—lonely孤独—较alone单独—happiness- carelessness,
21. be tired of=be bored with=be fed up with ↔be interested in—较be tired from因...而疲劳
22. get along/on with ①+sth.进展；②+sb.与...相处
23. disagree—disagreement ↔agree—agreement—disagree with-disappear—disclose-discourage
24. grateful=thankful—gratitude-appreciation
25. dislike=hate ↔like—较unlike
26. join in—take part in=participate in—join sb—attend出席=be present at
27. secondly—firstly—thirdly—finally=lastly
Unit 2
1. elevator=lift
2. official ①官员a government official ②官方的official language—office—officer军官
3. voyage海上—trip短途—journey长途—tour观光
4. because of=owing to=due to=as a result of=on account of都是介词＋名词-较because+从句
5. native ①n.本地人 a Being native ② adj. a native English speaker—native language
6. actually=in fact =as a matter of fact=in reality—形actual
7. AD↔BC
8. base A on B—be based on-a London-based company—based on=according to
9. at present＝at the moment=now- in the past - in the future
10. make us of –make good/full /the best use of
11. spelling—spell—pronunciation
12. latter ↔former—较later
13. identity—身份证identity card—identify sb /sth.
14. fluent—fluency—flow-He speaks English fluently.-He speaks fluent English=He is a fluent English speaker.
15. frequent—frequency频率—frequent visitor—frequently
16. such as列举-较for example=for instance举例
17. usage—use
18. command=order- command sb. to do sth—have a good command of掌握
19. request=ask-较require-demand
20. expression—①表情facial expressions ②表达法 words and expressions
21. midwestern—midday—mid-autumn－midnight
22. Africa—African—
23. play an important/active part in-take part in
24. eastern—western—northern—southern-southeastern—northwestern
25. recognize ①辨认出 ②认可 be recognized as ③+that从句 认识到＝realize
26. lightening—thunder
27. straight—较street-adj. a straight line/street-adv. Sit /stand straight
28. block—a block of wood/ice一大块
29. cab—taxi
Unit 3
1. journal—magazine—journalist记者=reporter较journey
2. transport—means of transport交通工具—transport sth. to sp.—translate—transform
3. prefer—preference-prefer A to B=like A better than B-prefer to do sth. rather than to do sth.
4. disadvantage=shortcoming ↔advantage—disability—disagree—discover—dislike—disappointed失望的
5. bus fare-较school fee
6. flow—fluent-较float漂浮
7. ever since then用于完成时态-较 from then on用于过去时态
8. persuade说服-persuade sb. to do sth.= persuade sb. into doing sth.＝convince sb. to do sth.- persuade sb. not to do sth. = persuade sb. out of doing sth.-较advise sb to do sth. 劝说
9. cycle—cycle to sp.= ride a bike to sp.-bicycle—cyclist—motorcycle摩托车—recycle循环利用，回收
10. graduate—graduation—graduate from—a post graduate研究生
11. finally=eventually—较at last—in the end
12. schedule—on schedule =on time按时—ahead of schedule =ahead of time提前
13. be fond of=like—be crazy about—be addicted to
14. organize—organization组织－organ器官
15. care about=be concerned about-较care for喜欢；照看
16. detail—detailed—in details
17. source渠道，来源 -较resource资源
18. determine to do sth.=decide to do sth.=make up one’s mind to do sth.=be determined to do sth.
19. journey—trip—tour—voyage—make a ...to sp.
20. give in to sb.向..让步-较give up 放弃＝quit
21. make one’s mind—keep/bear...in mind牢记＝remember
22. rapids—rapid—rapidly
23. pace—pace the floor踱步-at a slow pace/speed以很慢的速度
24. bend—bend one’s neck/back/knees
25. delta－数学符号△
26. attitude to/towards 对...的态度
27. boil―boiling water沸水―boiled water开水－boil sth.煮
28. forecast=predict预测—foretell预言—foresee预见
29. parcel—package—pack sb. up
30. as usual—than usual—usually往往，一般—often经常—always总是
31. reliable=dependable—rely on=depend on
32. view可数—scenery景色（不可数）—sight景象
33. in sb’s view=in sb’s opinion
34. at midnight ↔at noon=at midday
35. beneath书面语=below在下方/under在正下方 ↔ above在上方/over在正上方
Unit 4
1. right away=at once=immediately=in no time=without delay没有耽搁—较right now就在现在－较just now＝a moment ago刚才
2. smelly难闻的―较tasty可口的，好吃的
3. well—do sth. well 副词-feel well身体好，形容词
4. crack裂纹－break折断，打破－burst爆裂
5. farmyard—schoolyard校园
6. event ①大事件 ②体育比赛项目
7. as if=as though
8. be at an end—at the end of the street/last year—in the end=finally=at last－by the end of到...为止
9. nation—national—nationality国籍－international-比较nation国民－country国土－state国家政体
10. dirt—dirty—dust尘土—dusty -a dirt track土路
11. ruin可接抽象名词-ruin the chance/hope—destroy毁坏—damage损坏—ruins
12. suffer ① vt. 遭受到suffer a defeat/failure/losses
② vi.受苦suffer from loneliness/health problems—suffering—hardship
13. survive vt./vi. survive (in )the fire/the earthquake/disaster—survival—survivor
14. extreme—extremely
15. injure事故中=wound战斗中＝hurt还可hurt sb.’s heart/feeling—harm伤害
16. destroy-×destory —destroyed—destroys-较damage损坏
17. useless ↔useful—helpless—hopeless—helpless—careless—homeless-priceless无价的 ↔worthless不值钱的-valueless 不值钱的
18. shock－shocked感到震惊的—shocking
19. rescue—rescue sb. from a fire/river—rescue team
20. trap—be trapped in
21. electricity—electrical电方面的—electric后接用电器—electronic 电子的
22. bury—buried—be buried in=bury oneself in专心于，埋头于
23. mine ①我的 ② 地雷 ③矿井 4.v.开矿
24. shelter—food—clothing
25. a number of-大量的
①加可数名词 a great/ good many of, many a , a large/big number of 较the number of
②加不可数名词a great deal of , a large amount of, a big sum of money
③两可 a lot of/lots of, plenty of, a big quantity of, quantities of
26. damage—do damage to—do harm to＝do sb. harm ↔do good to=do good to sb=be good for.对...有好处
27. frighten—frightened—frightening
同类联想 worry, interest, puzzle令人困惑, confuse令人混淆，糊涂, amuse, entertain, 令人发笑, surprise令人吃惊，amaze令人惊叹
28. congratulate sb. on sth. =say congratulations to sb. on sth. 向某人道喜-较celebrate sth. 庆祝
29. express—expression 表达-较show显示
30. headline—hit the headline成报纸要闻—较deadline—meet the deadline如期完成
Unit 5
1. quality—be of high/good/poor quality—high/good quality life/products—较quantity
2. warm-hearted形容词＋名词＋ed —near-sighted近视的—cold/warm-blooded 冷/温血的
3. mean ↔generous
4. active—activity—act—action ↔ passive -较 positive 正面的↔negative负面的
5. be active in (doing) sth.—play an active part in (doing) sth.
6. easy-going—outgoing 外向的
7. self—selfish ↔selfless=unselfish -myself—ourselves—yourself—yourselves—themselves
8. devote—devotion—devoted—be devoted to (doing) sth. 专注于；热爱=devote oneself to (doing) sth.—devote sth./time to (doing) sth. 把...贡献给；在...上花费
9. found—founded=set up=establish—较find—found—found
10. republic—较public公共的
11. livelihood=living生计—life生活 do sth. for livelihood=do sth. for a liveing
12. peaceful—peace—be at peace ↔be at war
13. mankind—people(person的单数)－human=human being与动物比较的人—man人类，前无冠词
14. guide—guidance—direct—direction
15. school fee—较bus fare
16. be out of work—较 be laid off=be fired=be dismissed被解雇
17. hopeful ↔ hopeless—be hopeful about
18. youth—young—youngster
19. vote on—vote for ↔vote against
20. violence—violent
21. as a matter of fact=in fact=actually=in reality
22. in trouble—get into trouble—make trouble—trouble-maker—have trouble in doing sth.
23. willing—be willing to do sth.—will n. 意愿；遗嘱
24. unfair ↔fair—just公正—unjust
25. turn to sb. for help
26. release=set free
27. lose one’s heart＝be discouraged-较lose one’s heart to sb./sth.=fall in love with sb./sth.
28. escape (from) an earthquake/the prison—escape doing/being punished
29. educate—education学校教育—bring up抚养大＝raise
30. beg—beg sb. to do sth.—beg sb. for sth.—beggar
31. relative—relate-relation—be related to
32. terror—terrible
33. cruel—cruelty ↔ kind
34. reward 奖赏—award奖金,奖品＝prize—award a prize
35. set up=found=establish
36. opinion=view—in one’s opinion/view
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