【高一同步教程】高中英语必修2 Unit1 Culture relics知识点精讲

目标认知

【重点词汇】

rare, valuable, survive, doubt, remove, amaze, select, design,  remain, worth, fancy

【重点短语】

belong to, in return, serve as, think highly of, part of

【重点句型】

1.    … could never have imagined…

2.    Nor do I think they should give it to any government.

知识讲解

【重点词汇】

1. rare

【原句回放】Does a cultural relic always have to be rare and valuable? 文化遗产总是稀少而贵重的吗？

【点拨】rare adj.

1）稀少的, 罕见的

It is rare to see a man over 160 years old. 很少见到一个人能活到160岁。

2）稀薄的

The air is rare at high altitudes. 高处空气稀薄。

【词语辨析】occasional, uncommon, scare, rare均含“稀罕的、很少发生”之意。

occasional 指偶然、间或发生的事，侧重无规律可循。

uncommon指一般不发生或很少发生的事情，故显得独特、异常与例外。

scare指暂时不易发现、不存在或数量不足，供不应求的东西。

rare指难得发生的事或难遇见的人或事，侧重特殊性。

2. valuable

【原句回放】Does a cultural relic always have to be rare and valuable? 文化遗产总是稀少而贵重的吗？

【点拨】 valuable adj. 很有用的，宝贵的；很值钱的，贵重的

valuable experience 宝贵的经验

valuable jewelry   贵重的首饰

This is one of the most valuable lessons I learned. 这是我所学到的最宝贵的教训。[来源:Zxxk.Com]

Is the watch valuable? 这块表很值钱吗?

【拓展】

valueless无价值的，不值钱的

worthless 没有用的， 无价值的;

priceless  无价的，极重要的，珍贵的  

3. survive

【原句回放】Is it enough to have survived for a long time? 留存很长时间久足够了吗？

【点拨】survive    vt.  vi. 幸存，生还; 活得比某人长；比某人长寿

       Of the six people in the plane that crashed, only one survived.

       在这次空难的六人中，只有一个人幸存。

       I don't know how you all manage to survive on Jeremy's salary.

       我不知道仅靠Jeremy的薪水，你们是怎么度日的。

       Several buildings in the town have survived from medieval times.

       这个镇上的一些建筑从中世纪一直延续到现在。

       The plants may not survive the frost.  这些植物可能熬不过这次霜冻。

       The old lady has survived all her children.  这个老太太活得比她所有的儿女都长。

【拓展】

survivor  n. 幸存者

       survival  n. 幸存

       surviving adj.  活着的，残存的

       survival of the fittest 适者生存

 4. doubt

【原句回放】There is no doubt that the boxes were then put on a train for Kónigsberg, at that time a German city on the Baltic Sea.  毫无疑问，这些箱子后来被装上火车运往哥尼斯堡，当时它是波罗的海边的一个德国城市。

【点拨】

1）doubt [c]n. [u] n. 怀疑，不信, 在肯定句中常接whether / if 从句，在否定句中常接 that 从句：

Elizabeth had no doubts at all about her ability to do the job.

伊丽莎白做这个工作的能力是没有疑问的。

The incident raises doubts about the safety of nuclear power.

这次事故引起了对核能源的安全性的疑问。

The meeting will provide people with an opportunity to voice any doubts they may have about the proposals.

这次会议给人们提供了一个机会，他们可以表达对这些建议的任何疑问。

There is an element of doubt as to whether the deaths were accidental.

对于这些死亡是否意外，有一些怀疑的要素。

2）There is no doubt …      ……是毫无疑问的。

There’s no doubt that one day a cure will be found. [来源:Zxx毫无疑问有朝一日治愈的办法会被找到。

There is little doubt he was the killer.  几乎不用怀疑，他就是凶手。

He is without doubt the cleverest student I've ever taught. 无疑他是我教过的学生里最聪明的一个。

3）There is no doubt 后接名词时，需用介词about / of。

There is no doubt that education is the foundation of all.  无疑教育是一切的基础。

There is no doubt about / of his honesty. 他的诚实是毫无疑问的。

【拓展

    There’s no need (for sth / sb) to do …   不必……

     There is no point in doing...   做……没有意义

     There’s no question that …    ……是没有问题的

     (It’s) No wonder (that)…      难怪……                    

5. amaze

【原句回放】..., his greatest gift to the Russian people would have such an amazing history. ……，赠送给俄国人民的礼物会有如此离奇的历史。

【点拨】amazing  adj. 令人惊喜的，了不起的

an amazing achievement/discovery    惊人的成就/发现

Winning the first prize is an amazing achievement. 得一等奖是了不起的成就。
     She has an amazing talent in music.  她在音乐方面有了不起的才华。

【拓展】amazed  adj. 吃惊的, 惊奇的；amaze  vt. 使惊愕；amazement　n. 惊奇

【词语辨析】amaze, surprise, astonish, shock辨析：

1）amaze  惊愕，含有“惊叹、佩服”之意。      

Your knowledge amazes me. 你丰富的知识令我吃惊。    

2）surprise 惊讶，出乎意料，是“吃惊”的普通用词。语气较弱。      

They surprised us with a visit. 他们突然来访使我们感到意外。

3）astonish 使十分惊讶，使大吃一惊(=surprise sb. very much)，语气较强，含“难以置信”之意。

She astonished us by saying she was leaving. 她说她要走了，这使我们大吃一惊。

4）shock “使震惊”；多用来指重大的事情“使人为之一震”，有“大为惊讶”之意（=surprise sb. greatly），语气最强。      

I was shocked by what had happened.  我被所发生的事情震惊了。

6. select

【原句回放】The amber which was selected had a beautiful yellow-brown colour like honey. 精选的琥珀色彩艳丽，呈蜂蜜般的黄褐色。

【点拨】select  v. 挑选；选择；adj. 精选的，挑剔的

 She lets her son select his own Christmas present. 她让儿子自己选择圣诞礼物。

 They selected a diamond engagement ring. 他们挑选了一枚钻石订婚戒指。

 That school is very select. 那所学校招生非常严格。

 The book is a select collection of poetry from various authors. 这本书是各家诗作的集锦。

【词汇辨析】select, choose , elect, pick辨析

1）select强调在广泛的范围内进行“精选或淘汰”，侧重以客观为标准进行选择。

2）choose普通用词，侧重根据个人意愿和判断从众多的对象中进行选择。[来源:学.科.网]

3）elect指按照一定的规章或法律，用投票等方式进行的认真慎重的选择。

4）pick是口语用词，强调“从个人角度在众多之中进行挑选”，有时含有“任意选择”的意思。

7. design

【原句回放】The design of the room was in the fancy style popular in those days.  琥珀屋的设计采用了当时流行的别致的建筑式样。

【点拨】design vi. vt. 设计；计划；构思；n. 设计；图案；构思

       Was it designed, or did it just happen? 这是有预谋的，还是偶然发生的？

       He designed us a beautiful house. 他为我们设计了一座漂亮的房子。

       He designs to become a musician. 他立志成为一个音乐家。

       This piece of cloth has a new design.   这块布图案新颖。

【短语】

       be designed to do  目的是……

       be designed for sb. / sth. 打算给（做）……用

       be designed as sth. 打算当作……

       design doing/ to do  打算做……

【拓展】by design意思是“故意地”，反义词为by accident/ chance。

       Do you think the building was burnt down by accident or design?

       你认为大楼被烧是意外事故还是有意为之？

8. remove

【原句回放】Before the Nazis could get into the summer palace, the Russians were able to remove some furniture and small art objects from the Amber Rome. 在纳粹进入夏宫之前，俄国人能够从琥珀屋里移走一些家具以及一些小的艺术品。

【点拨】remove v. 除去，去除；脱掉（take off），搬家（move）

       Remove the old wallpaper and fill any holes in the walls. (take away)

       去除这些墙纸，把墙上的洞堵上。

       Reference books may not be removed from the library. (take away)[来源:学科网ZXXK]

       参考书不能从图书馆里移走。

       The college removed rules that prevented women from enrolling. (get rid of)

       这家大学去掉了不准妇女加入的规定。

       Congress could remove the President from office. (from a job)

       议会可以让总统下台。

       He removed his hat and gloves.  (take off)

       他脱下了帽子和手套。

       The events in the newspaper article were far removed from reality. (to be very different from something)  报纸文章中的事件跟事实相差太多。

9. remain

【原句回放】After that, what happened to the Amber Room remains a mystery.  从那以后，琥珀屋的去向便成了一个迷。

【点拨】

1）remain在句中是系动词，意思是“继续或保持一种状况或态度” ，后接n. /adj. /不定式。

My friend became a boss, but I remained a teacher. 我朋友成了一个老板，但我仍是老师。

The death of the old man remained unknown.  老人的死去仍然不为人所知。

The problem remains to be discussed.  这个问题留待讨论。

2）remain  vi.  留下，剩下，残留

I went to the city, but my brother remained at home. 我去了城市，但我兄弟留在家里。

How many weeks will you remain here?  你将在这儿停留多长时间？

10. worth

【原句回放】Is it worth rebuilding lost cultural relics such as the Amber Room …?  重建丢失的文化遗迹如琥珀屋……值得吗？

【点拨】

1）worth  adj. 值得的；相当于……的价值，一般用作表语，偶尔作定语用。worth前面可以用well, really, very much, hardly, easily修饰，但不用very修饰。

He has something very much worth saying.  他有些话很值得讲。[来源:学科网ZXXK]

The question is not worth discussing again and again. 这个问题不值得一再讨论。

The picture is worth at least twenty pounds. 这张图片至少值二十英镑。

2）worth   n. 价值（不可数名词）

a picture of great worth  一幅价值昂贵的画

a man of worth  很有价值的人

【词汇辨析】worth, worthy, worthwhile辨析

1）be worth 后可直接跟名词、代词或动名词。接动名词时，总是用主动形式表示被动意义。

The picture is worth $500. 这幅画值 500 美元。

The clock is hardly worth repairing. 这台钟简直不值得修理。

What is worth doing is worth doing well. 值得干的事就得干好。

2）be worthy 后不能直接跟名词、代词或动名词，若要接，应借助介词 of，若该动名词若要表示被动意义，要用被动形式。be worthy 后不接动名词，而接不定式，若该不定式要表示被动意义，则应用被动形式。

Their efforts are worthy of your support. 他们的努力应得到你的支持。

Her behavior is worthy of praise. 她的行为是值得赞扬的。

He is worthy to receive such honor. 他应该得到这种荣誉。

This suggestion is worthy to be considered. 这个建议值得考虑。

3）worthwhile常用结构为“It is worth （one’s） while to do sth 〔doing sth〕”，此结构必须用 it 作形式主语，其中的不定式或动名词做句子的真正主语。

It is worthwhile buying the dictionary. 这本词典值得买。（其中的 worthwhile 也可换成 worth）

It is worthwhile to discuss the plan again. 这个计划值得再讨论一次。（其中的 worthwhile 不能换成 worth，因为其后接用了不定式）

11. fancy

【原句回放】The design of the room was in the fancy style popular in those days.  琥珀屋的设计采用了当时流行的别致的建筑式样。

【点拨】

1）fancy vt. 想象；空想；假想

We cannot fancy a life without electricity.  我们无法想象没有电的生活。

2）fancy...(to be)/ fancy...as...     想象……是……

I can’t fancy him to be an English teacher.     我无法想象他教英语会是什么样子。

She fancied herself (to be) famous.        她幻想自己成名。

3）fancy (sb. /sb.’ s) doing sth.    想象(某人)做某事，常用于祈使句中，表示惊叹。

Fancy George reading such difficult books！真想不到乔治会看那样难的书啊！

Fancy his/him telling a lie！想想看，他竟说了谎！

4）fancy that...     认为……；猜想……   

She fancied that she was being followed.       她认为自己被跟踪了。

【重点短语】

1. belong to

【原句回放】…, Frederick William, to whom the amber room belonged, decided not to keep it.  ……腓特烈·威廉一世，这个琥珀屋的主人，决定不要它了。

【点拨】belong to (在所有权等方面)属于；是……的成员 是……的组成部分, 是……的属性、职能等。

What political party does he belong to? 他属于哪个政治党派？

All the goods here belong to the school.  这里所有的物品都属于学校。

注意：belong不用于被动语态和进行时态。belong to 可与介词短语或副词连用，表示“属于某地或放在某处”。

      Put it back to which /where it belongs after you have read it.  读完后把它放回合适的地方。

2. in return

【原句回放】In return, the Czar sent him a troop of his best soldiers. 作为回赠，沙皇送给他一队自己最好的士兵。

【点拨】 in return for sth.

1）回报, 作为报酬

What did you give him in return?   你给他什么作为报答呢?                          

I gave him some books in return for his assistance.  我给他一些书作为他帮忙的答谢。

2）作为回应(as a response of reaction)

I asked his opinion, but he just asked me a questioning in return.

我征求他的意见，他却只是反问了我一句。

【拓展】

1）in turn 反过来；轮流，依次

They answered the teacher's questions in turn. 他们依次回答了老师的问题。

2）by turns 轮流地, 时而……时而……

They look after the twins by turns. 他们轮流照顾双胞胎。

3.  serve as

【原句回放】About four metres long, the room served as a small reception hall for important visitors.   琥珀屋约四米长，做了接待贵宾的小接待厅。

【点拨】serve as 担任；充当；起……的作用

 That cup will serve as a sugar bowl. 那个杯子充当糖碗用。

 He served as a witness at the wedding.   他在婚礼上充当证婚人。

 In a way, I'm glad you made that mistake, for it will serve as warning to you.

 某种程度上，我很高兴你犯了那个错误，它是对你的警告 。

注意：serve 意为“为……服务”，可直接用作及物动词，其后不能按汉语意思误加介词for。

 serve people 为人民服务

4. think highly of

【原句回放】I think highly of those who are searching for the Amber Room. 我高度评价这些正在寻找琥珀屋的人。

【点拨】

1）think highly of = think well/ much of  对……评价好；看重；器重

They did not think much of the plan. 他们觉得这计划不怎么样。

2）think lowly /badly/ ill / little/poorly of   对……评价不好；认为……不好

He was not well thought of by his boss.  他不被老板看好。

We all think ill of the film. 我们都认为这部电影不怎么样

【拓展】

1）speak highly of    高度评价

All the teachers speak highly of him.   所有老师都对他高度评价。

2）speak well/ill of    说……的好/ 坏话，称赞/贬损某人

It’s no good speaking ill of others.  说别人坏话没好处。

5. part of

【原句回放】So the Amber Room became part of the Czar’s winter palace in St Petersburg. 于是琥珀屋成了沙皇在圣彼得堡冬宫的一部分。

【点拨】part of前面可以加a，也可以不加a，意思略有不同：part of it可以指“一半以下”或“一半以上”。当part前有形容词时加不加a没有区别。

       Part of the house was burnt in the fire.   房子的一部分被火烧掉了。

He only gave me a part of his books.   他只把他的一小部分书给我了。

【拓展】相关短语有：

       for the most part  大部分，多半

       for one’s part  至于某人，就某人而言

       in part/ partly   部分地

       on one’s part   由某人所为

       do one’s part   尽自己职责

【重点句型】

1. could have done

【原句回放】Frederick William I, the King of Prussia, could never have imagined that his greatest gift to the …    普鲁士国王腓特烈·威廉一世从来也不会想到他赠送给俄国人民的礼物会有如此离奇的历史。

【点拨】情态动词(could /might /must /should) +have done 表示对过去发生的事情的推测、批评、后悔等意思。

       He could have arrived here on time, but he missed the last bus. 

       他本来可以准时到这儿的，但是他错过了最后一班车。

       Since the road is wet, it must have rained last night.

       既然路面还是湿的，昨晚准是下雨了。

       I was really anxious about you. You shouldn’t have left home without a word.

       我真是为你担心，你不该不打招呼就离家的。

       can /could +have done 常用于疑问句和否定句中，表示对过去发生的事情的可能性推测：

       He couldn’t have gone abroad, as I saw him just now.

       他不可能去国外了，刚才我还看见他了。

       could /can +have done 也可以表示“本来（过去）可以做到，但实际并没有做到”之意。

       You could have passed the exam. 你本来可以通过考试的。

       We could have lent him the money but he didn’t tell us he needed the money.

       我们本来可以把钱借给他，但他没有告诉我们他需要钱。

2. Nor do I think ...

【原句回放】Nor do I think they should give it to any government. 我也不认为他们应该把它交给政府。

【点拨】该句中由于把否定词nor放于句首，所以使用了部分倒装语序。英语中当否定副词以及含有否定词的介词短语放于句首时，句子需用部分倒装。这样的副词及短语有never, seldom, neither, nor, little, not, hardly, scarcely, rarely, in no time, by no means, in no way等。

       Never shall I make such a mistake.   我再也不会犯这种错误了。

       Seldom does she go out alone.  她很少独自外出。

       You haven’t finished your homework, neither have I.  你还没完成你的作业，我也是。

       试着翻译下列句子：

       1.我将永远记住我们相聚的情景. (treasure)

         I shall always treasure the memory of our meetings.

       2.他虽然笃信宗教, 但有时仍感到迷惘. (doubt)

         Although he’s a very religious man, he is still troubled by occasional doubts.

       3. 很多小公司现在都不得不为生存而战。 (survival)

         A lot of small companies are having to fight for survival.

       4.科学家必须提出证据以支持其理论. (evidence)

         A scientist must produce evidence in support of a theory.

       5.他被撤去主席的职务. (remove)

         He was removed from his position as chairman.