【高一同步教程】高中英语必修2 Unit2 The Olympic Games语法点精讲

 

一般将来时的被动语态

 

语态是表示主语和动词之间的主动关系或被动关系的动词形式。英语动词有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者(施动者),被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者(受动者)。本单元的语法是一般将来时态的被动语态,现就其用法归纳如下:

一、一般将来时态的被动语态的基本结构的构成:

1.一般将来时态的被动语态的肯定式为:主语+shall / will + be done(shall 用于第一人称,will用于各种人称) 如:

We shall / will be punished if we break the rule.如果我们违反规定,我们将要受到惩罚。

The new film will be shown next Thursday.这部新电影将在下周四上映。

2.一般将来时态的被动语态的否定式为:主语+shall / will + not + be done.(可缩写成shan’twon’t)如:

The meeting won’t be held tomorrow.明天不再举行会议。

The exhibition won’t be put off till next week.展览会将不会推迟到下周。

3.一般将来时态的被动语态的一般疑问句句式:shall / will+主语+be done。(回答用yesno)如:

Won’t water be turned into ice, if it is below freezing temperature?

如果气温在冰点之下,水难道不会变成冰吗?

---Will the work be finished at once?  这项工作会立刻被完成吗?

---Yes, it will. 是的,立刻就完成。

4.一般将来时态的被动语态的特殊疑问句为:疑问词 + shall / will + 主语 + be done。如:

When will these books be published? 这些书将在什么时候被出版? 

二、一般将来时态的被动语态的其他结构构成:

1.主语+be going to +be done

Some old buildings are going to be put down. 一些旧的楼房将被推倒。

The problem isn’t going to be discussed at the meeting tomorrow.

这个问题将不在明天的会议上被讨论。

---Are these trees going to be cut down?这些树将被砍倒吗?

---Yesthey are. 是的,将被砍倒。

2.主语+be to +be done

The meeting is to be held on April 10. 会议将于四月十日举行。

The machines are not to be repaired tonight. 今晚将不会修理这些机器。

---Are new textbooks to be published next week?新教科书将在下周出版吗?

---No, they aren’t. 不,不是。

三、一般将来时的被动语态的用法:

1.一般将来时的被动语态的同它的主动语态一样,表示将要发生的被动性动作。

The new film will be shown next Thursday. 这部新电影将在下周四上映。

A lot of athletes will be invited to Beijing. 好多运动员将被邀请到北京来。 

2.在时间、条件状语从句中,常用一般现在时的被动语态代替一般将来时的被动语态。如:

When the dam is completed, the Changjiang River will be controlled.

当大坝竣工时,长江将得到控制。

If I am given enough time, I will go to Japan for my holiday.

如果我有足够的时间,我将去日本度假。

3.表示有固定性条件或有规律性的被动结果,常用shall / will be done结构。如:

Heated to 100, water will be turned into steam. 加热到100度时,水将会变成蒸汽。

If you speak in class, you will be punished. 如果你在课堂上讲话,你将会被惩罚。

 四、注意:

1、短语动词是一个不可分割的整体,在变为被动语态时,不可丢掉构成短语动词的介词或副词。

At last they put out the fire.他们最后把火扑灭了。

       At last the fire was put out. 火最后被扑灭了。

2、带有复合宾语的句子在变为被动结构时,宾语补足语相应变成主语补足语。注意:主动语态中,若宾语补足语为不带to 的不定式,在变为被动语态时必须带to

Everybody called her Big Sister

       She was called Big Sister by everybody

       The engineer made the robot clean the room.

       The robot was made to clean the room