【高一同步教程】高中英语必修4 Unit 1 Women of achievement知识点精讲

目标认知

【重点词汇】

condition, concern, respect，support，consideration，deliver，worthwhile，observe，inspire，behave，determine，devote，intend，argue  

【重点短语】

lead a ... life(＝live a ... life)，care for，by chance，come across，carry on

【重点句型】

1）现在分词短语作伴随状语

2）spend time/energy/money(in) doing sth./on sth.

3）as...as possible

4）“only+状语”+部分倒装结构

5）It was...that...

知识讲解

【重点词汇】

1. condition

【原句回放】She helped improve prison conditions and gave prisoners work and education.

【点拨】

1）[ U]  present state of a thing 状况， 状态

the condition of weightless

be in good/excellent/ perfect condition

be in bad condition

2）[C] (pl.) circumstances 条件

poor working and living conditions 差的工作和生活条件

teaching and studying conditions

3）(idiom) on condition that…=only if; provided that

I will buy you a laptop on condition that you are admitted to a key university.

你要穿上外衣才能出去。

You can go out on condition that you wear an overcoat.

2. concern

【原句回放】 She concerned herself with welfare projects, especially the China Welfare Institute for women and children.

【点拨】

1）  concern  vt. (sth. concern sb.)

（1）= to worry sb.

Our losses are beginning to concern me. 我们的损失使我担起心来。

Never say: I began to concern our losses.

（2） = to be about sth./be important to sb.

Don’t interfere in what doesn’t concern you. 别管与自己无关的事。

a report that concerns drug abuse 关于滥用毒品的报告

2）concerned  (adj.)

（1）= worried 担心的、烦恼的、忧虑的 be concerned about/for/over…

We are all concerned______________  her safety.

（2）be concerned with与某事有关、涉及某事

The loss was concerned with the weather.

3）concern  n.

（1）[U] = worry; anxiety 担心; 忧虑; 焦虑; 焦急 concern for/about/over sth./sb.; concern that...

There is now considerable concern for their safety. 现在对他们的安全相当担心。

（2）[C] thing that is important or interesting to sb. 对某人来说是重要的或感兴趣的事物:

What are your main concerns as a writer? 你身为作家, 对什麽最感兴趣/关注?

3. respect

【原句回放】For forty years Jane Goodall had been out spoken about making the rest of the world understand and respect the life of these animals. 40年来，简.古道尔一直在呼吁世人了解并尊重这些动物的生活。

【点拨】respect  v.

1）尊敬；尊重；仰慕

He’s not the most popular teacher，but the students respect him．

他不是最受欢迎的老师，但学生们都尊敬他。

2）慎重对待，谨慎从事；尊重(某人的意愿、权利等)

   She promises to respect our wishes．她保证尊重我们的意愿。

【拓展】

respect sb. / sth. (for sth.) 就……而尊重某人/某物

   show respect for sb. ＝pay respect to sb. 尊敬某人

   win/gain/earn the respect of sb. 赢得某人的尊敬

   have respect for sb. / sth. 尊敬/尊重某人/某物

   give/send one’s respects to... 代……向……问好

   in all respects＝in every respect在各个方面

   in respect of / to关于；就……来说

   with respect to关于

   out of respect for sb. 出于对某人的尊敬

   She is always honest with me，and I respect her for that．她一直对我很诚实，我非常敬重她这一点。

   Give / Send my respects to your parents．请代我问候你的父母。

4. support

【原句回放】… her mother came to support her.  …… 她的母亲来支持她。

【点拨】support vt.

1）支持；拥护

   If you raise the question at the meeting，I’ll support you．

   如果你在会上提出这个问题，我将支持你。

2）供养，赡养

He has two children to support．他要供养两个孩子。

3）支撑

Support the baby’s head when you hold it．抱孩子时要把他(她)的头托住。

【拓展】

   in support of 为了支持……，为了拥护……

   a supporting part/role  配角

   a supporting program 附加片，附加戏

   give/lend/offer/provide support to sb. 支持某人

   active support 积极支持

   financial support 财政援助

   mental support 精神支持

5. consideration

【原句回放】What made her succeed later on was the kindness and consideration she showed to all her patients.  后来使她出名的是她对所有病人献出的关怀和体贴。

【点拨】consideration n. 体贴；体谅；要考虑的事；考虑。

He never shows any consideration for his wife’s needs．他从不关心妻子的需要。

   The cost of the journey is our main consideration．旅行的花费是我们考虑的主要因素。

   After long consideration he agreed to their requests．考虑许久之后，他同意了他们的请求。

【拓展】

1）in consideration of考虑到……，顾及……

   leave...out of consideration 忽视……，对……不加考虑

   take...into consideration 考虑……，斟酌……，体谅……

2）consider

   O + as + n.

   O + to be + n. / adj.

   O + to have done

   We consider him as / to be a good student．我们认为他是个好学生。

   They once considered moving into the countryside．他们曾考虑搬到农村去。

6. deliver

【原句回放】… went late at night to deliver a baby for a poor family… 在深夜去为贫困的家庭（的产妇）接生……

【点拨】deliver vt．主要有如下两种含义：

1）接生；助产，使分娩

  The doctor delivered the child．医生接生了那个小孩。

  The doctor delivered the woman．医生给这个妇女助产。

2）交付，递送，可与up/to搭配

  Would you deliver my message to your brother? 你可以帮我传口信给你哥哥吗?

7. worthwhile

【原句回放】However , the evening makes it all worthwhile. 不过到傍晚时分我们觉得这一切都是值得的。

【点拨】worthwhile adj. 值得做的，值得一试的

worthwhile可作表语或定语，作表语时可替换为worth one’s while，后接doing/to do，其近义词有worth和worthy，但表达的结构不一样。

【拓展】

get one’s money’s worth使某人的钱花得有价值

   worth one’s salt称职的，胜任的

   worth it有用的，值得的

   be worth doing值得一做

   be worth(one’s) while doing/to do值得做

   be worthy of being done / to be done值得被做

   be worthy of sth．值得，配

【词语辨析】worth/ worthy/worthwhile

这三个词语都可以作形容词，都有“值得的”的意思，但是用法和搭配关系不同。

1）worth是一个只能作表语的形容词，意思是“值得……的，相当于……的价值的”。由于它类似介词，须在后面接名词或主动形式的动名词作宾语。

2）worthy可以作表语、定语。作定语时，意思是“有价值的，值得尊敬的，受到赏识的”；用作表语时，意思是“值得……的，应得到……的”，其后不能直接跟名词或动名词作宾语，要加上of，但其后可以直接跟不定式。worthy后的不定式或动名词如果和句子的主语存在逻辑上的动宾关系，则不定式或动名词应该用被动形式。

3）worthwhile既可以作表语，又可以作定语。表示某事因重要、有趣或受益而值得花时间、价钱或努力去做，意思是“值得做的，值得的，有意义的”。

8. observe

【原句回放】She spent years observing and recording their daily activities. 她花了多年的时间来观察并记录黑猩猩的日常活动。

【点拨】observe vt.

1）注意到，观察到

   He observed a stranger enter his house．他看到一个陌生人进了他家。

2）遵守，奉行(法律、协议或习俗)

   Do people observe Christmas Day in this country? 这个国家的人们庆祝圣诞节吗?

【拓展】

                 do sth．                   做了某事

   observe sb.                观察到某人

                 doing sth.                 正在做某事

   observe sth. 观察(注意到)某事

observe that... 观察到……

   observation  n. 观察，预测，监视

   observance  n. (对法律、习俗的)遵守

   observer  n. 观察(测)者，目击者

9. inspire

【原句回放】She inspires those who want to cheer the achievements of women.

她激励着那些要为妇女们的成就而欢呼喝彩的人们。

【点拨】inspire．鼓励，激励；激发，激起；导致，促成

The actors inspired the kids with their enthusiasm．演员们用他们的热情鼓舞着孩子们。

   His paintings were clearly inspired by More’s works．他的绘画显然是受到了莫尔作品的启发。

【常用搭配】

inspire sb. with sth．用……鼓励某人

   inspire sth. in sb.   使产生(感觉或情感)

   inspire sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事

10. behave

【原句回放】Jane has studied these families of chimps for many years and helped people understand how much they behave like humans.

【点拨】behave vi. & vt. 行为；举止；举止适当或有礼，(指事物)有某种作用

   He behaved badly to the customers．他对顾客的态度不好。

   You should learn to behave．你应该学会举止得体。

   My camera has been behaving well since it was repaired．我的摄像机自从修好后一直正常工作。

【拓展】

behave + adv. to sb. 对某人表现……

behave oneself 守规矩，表现得体

behaviour n. [U]举止，行为，习性

be on one’s good/best behaviour举止规矩；行为检点

put sb. on his best behaviour规劝或警告某人要规规矩矩的

11. determine 

【原句回放】Further reading made me realize that it was hard work and determination as well as her gentle nature that got her into medical school.

进一步阅读使我了解到，是苦干、决心和善良的天性使她走进了医学院的大门。

【点拨】determine  vt. 决定；(使)下决心；限定，确定，测定

【拓展】表示“决定做某事”时，可有如下表达方式：

determine to do sth.

   be determined to do sth．

   decide to do do sth.

   make up one’s mind to do sth．

   He is determined to study harder than before．他下决心要比以前更加努力学习。

12. devote

【原句回放】She devoted all her life to medical work for Chinese women and children. 她为中国儿童的医疗事业贡献了一生。

【点拨】devote  vt. 献身，致力于。表示把自己、时间、精力奉献给某种工作、事业等。常与介词to搭配

We shouldn’t devote any mole time to this question．我们不该再多花时间在这个问题上了。

   He has devoted all his life to helping blind people．他一生致力于帮助盲人。

【拓展】

   devote one’s abilities to把自己的才干用在……上

   devote one’s attention to专注于……

   devote oneself to献身于……

   devote one’s knowledge to把自己的知识用于……

   be devoted to专心于……，热心于……，忠于……

   The Welsh are the only people in the world whose only national festival is devoted to music and poetry．威尔士人是世界上把自己唯一的民族节日用于音乐和诗歌表演的唯一民族。

【拓展】devote...to...中的to是介词。类似的还有：

look forward to期待；

pay attention to注意；

get down to开始做某事；

be/get used to习惯于；

prefer...to... 喜欢……胜过……；

lead to导致，通向；stick to坚持；

object to反对

13. intend

【原句回放】… it was intended for women in the countryside. …… 那是为生活在农村的妇女写的。

【点拨】intend  vt. 计划，打算，意欲

It is intended that production will start at the end of the month．计划月底将开始生产。

   I intended that my son should inherit my business．我有意让儿子继承我的生意。

【搭配拓展】

1）intend to do / doing sth．打算做某事

2）intend that-clause打算……

3）intend sb. to do sth．打算让某人做某事

4）had intended to do sth．

＝had planned / meant / wanted to do sth．本打算做某事(表示未曾实现的意图)

5）be intended for sb. 打算给某人

6）be intended as... 打算作为……

7）be intended to do sth．打算做某事

14. argue

【原句回放】She has argued that wild animals should be left in the wild… 她主张应该让野生动物（黑猩猩）留在野外生活……

【点拨】vt. & vi. 讨论; 辩论; 争论

1）argue (vi.) + with sb. about/over sth. 同某人辩论某事

They are arguing with their classmates about the solution to the problem.

他们正在和同学争论这个问题的解决方法。

2）argue (vt.) + that(从句)

argued that we should be paid more. 我们据理力争我们应该得到更高的薪水。

3）argue for/against 为反对……而辩论

The workers argued for the right to strike. 工人们为争取罢工的权力而辩论。

4）argue about就……进行辩论

They argued about the best method．他们就什么是最好的方法展开争论。

It is useless trying to argue with him about it．同他就这件事争辩是没有用的。

The lawyer argued for the poor man．律师为那个可怜的人辩护。

【拓展】

1）argue with sb. about / over / on sth. 因某事与某人争论

2）argue for / against sth. 赞成/反对某事

3）argue that... 主张……；认为……

4）argue sb. into / out of doing sth．

＝persuade sb. into / out of doing sth.

＝persuade sb. to do / not to do sth. 劝说某人做/不做某事

5）argue sb. to be/that... 表明某人是……

【词语辨析】argue，quarrel与discuss

【重点短语】

1. lead a ... life(＝live a ... life)

【原句回放】She is leading a busy life…她过着一种忙碌的生活。

【点拨】lead a ... life(＝live a ... life)过着……的生活

lead/live a quiet life过平静的生活

   lead/live a dog’s life过着困苦的生活

【拓展】以上这种结构为动词live接其同源名词life构成的词组，类似常用词组还有：

smile a ... smile笑得……

   dream a ... dream 做……的梦

   sing a ... song唱一首……的歌

   die a ... death……地死去

2. care for

【原句回放】…how to cut the death rate from having and caring for babies. ……如何在“妇女”怀孕和护理婴儿的过程中降低死亡率

【点拨】care for作及物动词短语时。有“喜欢，想要，照料”等含义

I don’t really care for basketball．我不喜欢篮球。

   Would you care for a cup of coffee?你要不要来杯咖啡?

   He’s good at caring for sick animals．他很善于照料生病的动物。

【词语辨析】care for与care about

1）两者都可表示“对……担心；关心；喜欢；对……中意”，且此时可通用。

2）care about最主要的意思是“在乎，在意”，常用于否定句。

3）care for还表示“照料；尊重；愿意”。

【拓展】由care构成的短语还有：

take care小心，注意

   take care to do / not to do / that... 注意做/不做/……事

   take care of照料，注意，负责，处理

   take... into care代为照顾(小孩等)

   for all I care我不在乎

3. by chance

【原句回放】By chance I came across an article about a doctor called Lin qiaozhi… 碰巧我看到了一篇描写林巧稚的文章……

【点拨】by chance(=by accident)偶然，无意

I met him by chance on the street．在街上我碰巧遇上了他。

【拓展1】on purpose有目的地，故意地

The boy broke the window on purpose．那个男孩故意把窗户打破了。

【拓展2】

1）have chance of doing sth. / to do sth．有机会做某事

   give sb. a chance给某人一个机会

   It chances that…碰巧……

2）由by构成的介词短语可表示手段、方式、时间、原因、程度等，在句中作状语。

   by accident偶然；意外地

   by force用暴力

   by hand用手工

   by nature天生的

   by day在白天

   by half一坐

   by mistake由于差错

   by now至今

4. come across

【原句回放】By chance I came across an article about a doctor called Lin qiaozhi… 碰巧我看到了一篇描写林巧稚的文章……

【点拨】come across偶然遇见，偶然发现

I came across his name on the list．我无意中在名单上发现了他的名字。

   come across意为“走过来；从……过来”，其中across分别为副词和介词。

   He came across to speak to me．他走过来和我讲话。

   He came across the street to speak to me．他过街来和我讲话。

【拓展】

run into(偶然)遇见；碰上

   meet with不期而遇

   come about产生；发生

   come out出现；出版

   come up长出；走上前来；被提出

   come up with提出

   come up to达到；总计

5. carry on

【原句回放】Why not study at medical college like Lin Qiaozhi and carry on her good work? 为什么不像林巧稚那样去读医学院，继续她高尚的事业呢？

【点拨】carry on继续下去(后接with + n. 或doing)

He carried on with his work while his manager was away．经理不在时他继续做工作。

   We’ll carry on with our conversation tomorrow．我们明天继续会谈。

【拓展】

carry on继续，继续下去(接with + n. 或doing)；争吵；吵闹

   carry ... about 随身携带……

carry all / everything before one势如破竹，所向无敌

   carry away拿走，冲走，掠走；吸引住(某人)

   carry back 将……送回原地；使某人回忆起……

   carry forward使(事业等)取得进展

   carry off运走，带走；获得，夺得

   carry out搬出，实施，执行，履行

   carry over将……延期；接替，继承；使继续下去

   carry through达到；贯彻；使渡过难关

【重点句型】

1. 现在分词短语作伴随状语

【原句回放】Examine the following six women using the rules about what makes a great person．用关于怎样才算得上是一个伟大的人的标准衡量下列六位女性。

【点拨】句中的using the rules about ...为现在分词短语，在句中作伴随状语。现在分词using与主语you有逻辑上的主谓关系。

He sat at the desk reading a newspaper．他坐在桌子旁看报纸。

Please fill in this form，giving your age，name，address and so on．

请把这张表填一下，写下你的年龄、姓名、住址等。

He went to Shenzhen hoping to find a better job there．

他去了深圳，希望在那儿找到一份更好的工作。

Tom came running．汤姆是跑着来的。

2. spend time/energy/money(in) doing sth./on sth

【原句回放】She spent years observing and recording their daily activities．她用了许多年的时间观察并记录了它们每天的活动。

【点拨】句中含有句型：spend time/energy/money(in) doing sth./on sth.，意为“在……方面花费某人……”。

She spent too much money on clothes．她在衣着上花费了太多的钱。

I have spent all my energy cleaning the house．我用尽了力气打扫房子。

【拓展】表示“花费”的常用句型还有：

1）it takes / took sb. some time to do sth．某人做某事花费多少时间

It took me a whole afternoon to do my homework．我花了一下午的时间做家庭作业。

2）sth. costs/cost(sb.) money某物花费某人多少钱

   The meal cost us $ 30．这顿饭花了我们30美元。

3）it costs sb. money to do sth. 做某事花费某人多少钱

   It costs them 1,000 yuan a month to run a car．开车每个月要花费他们1000元。

4）sb. pays/paid some money for sth. 某人为某物花费多少钱

How much did you pay for your house? 你买房花了多少钱?

 【注意】

① spend的主语通常是人。

② take句型通常是it作形式主语，后面的不定式为真正的主语。其主语也可以是名词。

③ cost的主语是物，不能是人。

④ pay的主语是人。

3. as...as possible

【原句回放】She also worked hard to make as many countries as possible agree not to use them．她也努力劝说尽可能多的国家同意不使用它们。

【点拨】句中的as...as possible短语也可以写成as...as she could，意为“她尽可能……”，第一个as可接adj. / adv. / many(few) + n. (pl.) / much(little) + n. [U]。

Be as kind to her as possible．对她尽可能和蔼些。

   Do your homework as carefully as possible / you can．做家庭作业时要尽可能地细心。

【思维拓展】表示“尽力做某事”的短语

1）try to do sth. / do one’s best to do sth．

2）do all/everything(that) one can to do sth．

3）do what one can to do sth.

4）make efforts / every effort to do sth．

5）spare no effort to do sth．

6）do everything in one’s power

4. “only+状语”+部分倒装结构

【原句回放】Only after her mother came to help her for the first few months was she allowed to begin her project．她母亲头几个月来帮过她的忙。这才使她得以开始自己的计划。

【点拨】 该句为倒装语序。以“only+状语”开头的句子要用倒装结构，即把助动词、情态动词或系动词提到主语前面。

Only then did I realize that I was wrong．直到那时我才明白我错了。

   Only when the war was over in 1918 was he able to get happily back to work．

   一直到了1918年战争结束，他才能又愉快地投入工作。

【注意】only修饰其他成分时，不倒装。

Only Dr. Yang can save his life．只有杨医生能救他的命。

【拓展】only表示“只，才”时在句中常见的位置：

 1）置于主语之前。

    Only I was late this morning．今天早上只有我迟到了。

 2）置于be动词、助动词及情态动词之后，实义动词之前。

    I have only been to Beijing twice．我只去过北京两次。

 He is only a boy of six years old．他只是一个6岁的孩子。

 3）置于所修饰的词、短语或从句前。

 I found my key lost only after I got home．到了家以后我才发现钥匙丢了。

5. It was...that...

【原句回放】Reading made me realize that it was hard work and determination as well as her gentle nature that got her into medical school．进一步阅读使我了解到，是苦干、决心和善良的天性使她走进了医学院的大门。

【点拨】 本句中It was...that...是强调句，在本句中强调的是宾语从句中的主语hard work and determination as well as her gentle nature．