的东西）       

【拓展】pass through 通过，穿过；经历，遭受

       John passed through a difficult period shortly after his marriage broke down.

       婚姻破裂不久, 约翰经历了一段短暂的艰难时期。

       She said she was passing through Paris and would like to have a chat with me.

       她说她要路过巴黎, 想跟我聊一聊。

3. set down 

【原句回放】I don’t want to set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do... 我不愿意像大多数人那样在日记中记流水账。

【点拨】set down 放下，搁下；记下，写下

      How shall I set myself down in the hotel register?

       在旅馆的登记簿上，我该如何写明自己的身份呢？

【拓展】

set about (doing) sth. 着手（做某事）

       set out (to do sth.)开始，着手（做某事）

       set aside 留出；不顾

       set back  （把钟等）往回拨；推迟

       set free  释放；解放  set up开办；建立；设立

       set off  动身，出发（去某地）；使爆炸

       set out  动身，出发；着手；安排，组织

       set an example  树立  

       set fire to...=set...on fire       纵火烧……

4. on purpose

【原句回放】…, I stayed awake on purpose until half past eleven…  ……我熬到十一点半故意不睡觉……

【点拨】purpose  n. 目的，意图；

       a/ the purpose in doing  做某事的目的

       What is your purpose in doing this？你这样做的目的是什么？

       the purpose of  ……的目的

       The purpose of the meeting is to elect a new captain. 这次会议的目的是选出新的队长。

       on purpose 故意地，特意地      

       If you joke with him, he’ll think you are hurting him on purpose.

       如果你跟他开玩笑，他会认为你故意伤害他。

 

【重点句型】

1. It is/was the first/ second/ ...time that+现在完成时/过去完成时
【原句回放】It was the first time in a year and a half that I’d seen the night face to face.   已经有一年半的时间，我第一次和这个夜晚面对 面。（意思是即使在夜晚也不能出来看看外面的景色。）

【点拨】句中It is/was the first/ second/ ...time that+现在完成时/过去完成时，表示“某人第几次做某事”。如果前面是It is...，后面用现在完成时；前面是It was...., 后面用过去完成时。

       It is / was the first /second time that sb. have/ had done sth.  某人第一/二次做……，that可省略，从句时态需用现在完成时或过去完成时。

   翻译下面句子：

       这是我第一次来中国。

       It was the first time that I had been to China.

       那是妻子第四次劝他戒烟。

    It was the fourth time that his wife had persuaded him to stop smoking.

上述两个句子是指一次事件，描述的过去发生的事情，主句用的是一般过去时，从句都用了过去完成时。

2. While/ when doing...

【原句回放】While walking the dog, you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car. 遛狗的时候，你不够细心，狗跑开了，并且被车撞了。

【点拨】我们需要注意的是：“While walking the dog,...”意思是“While you were walking the dog,...”，其实是省略了从句部分的主语和be动词。

       我们看看在什么情况下可以省略从句的主语和be动词呢？在很多状语从句中，比如时间、条件、让步等状语从句中，如果主句的主语和从句的主语相同（比如上句中主句主语为you，从句主语也是you），而且从句中的谓语动词又含有be的某种形式（you were walking），从句中的主语和be可以省略。

       我们看看下面几个句子：

       When I was traveling in London (=When traveling in London), I happened to meet a former classmate. 当我在伦敦旅游时，碰巧遇到一位以前的同学。

       Though he is tired (= Though tired), he still keeps on writing the diary. 

       尽管累了，他仍然继续写日记。

       She won’t attend the meeting, unless she is invited (= unless invited).

       除非被邀请，否则他不会参加会议。
       上面几个句子中，主句的主语和从句的主语一致，而且都含有be动词的某种形式 ，所以我们可以省略从句的主语和be动词，这样能使句子显得更加简洁。

3. It is ... doing...

【原句回放】It’s no pleasure looking through these any longer. 观看这些已经不再是乐趣。

【点拨】 在这个句子中，It 是形式主语，looking through these是真正的主语。It’s no pleasure后面如果接动词形式的话，一定是接doing形式。

【拓展】类似结构：

       It is no use doing… 做……没用

       It is no good doing sth. 做某事不好/没用

       It’s a waste of time/ money doing sth. 做某事是白费时间/金钱。

       It’s fun doing sth. 做某事很有趣。

       上面几个句型结构都是“名词+ doing”的形式。

我们看下面几个句子，试着翻译：

     为过去的事情哭泣毫无用处。

        It is no use crying about the past.      

        穿越街道时注意车辆。

        Look out for cars when (you are) crossing the street.

        这是我第一次尝试潜水 (scuba diving)。       

        It’s the first time that I have tried scuba diving. （这个句子如果选择一般过去时，后面应该用过去完成时。）

       学完上述单词和句型后，请同学们试着用至少三个单词、两个短语和一个句型写一篇短文（Please use at least 3 words, 2 phrases and 1 sentence pattern to make a story! Hope it can be CREATIVE and enjoyable!）

Example:

       70-year-old Mrs. Smith suffered from insomnia (失眠), so she would walk his dog at dawn sometimes. One day, while walking her dog, she heard a strange noise. She tried to ignore it, because she thought it might be some construction work being done. However, the noise got stronger and stronger and a few cars parking along the road were upset. As Mrs. Smith turned around, a plate- shaped vehicle came into her sight, shining with dazzling light.

 

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