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目标认知
【重点词汇】
earn，determine，dream，pretend，attach，form，broadcast，mix，perform，sensitive，painful
【重点短语】
to be honest，play joke s on，base on/upon ，rely on ，break up，come up with
【重点句型】
1. with + n./pron.  + doing sth（伴随的动作）
         +done（已经完成被动的动作）
         + to do（将要执行的动作）
         +adj. 
         + adv.
2. even/much/a lot/far+比较级
3. not ... without…

知识讲解
【重点词汇】
1. earn
【原句回放】Sometimes they may play to passers-by in the street or subway so that they can earn some extra money for themselves or to pay for their instruments.
有时，他们可能会再街上或地铁里为过路人演奏，这样他们可以为自己或自己要买的乐器多挣一些钱。
【点拨】earn (Vt./Vi.) 赚钱，挣钱；获得，博得
He did all sorts of jobs to earn a living.
I was the only person in the house who was earning.
She was earning good money at the bank. [来源:学|科|网]
The movie earned £7 million on its first day.
I think you've earned a rest.
He soon earned the respect of the players.
He hopes to earn a place in the Olympic team.
The company has earned a reputation for reliability.
That performance earned her an Oscar as Best Actress.
【拓展】
earn / make one’s living 谋生
earn / make money  赚钱，挣钱。
2. determine
【点拨】determine 确定，决定，判断，测定，判定，下决心
Investigators are still trying to determine the cause of the fire.
The aim of the inquiry was to determine what had caused the accident.
Experts have determined that the signature was forged.
Do heredity and environment determine one's character?
The age of a wine is a determining factor as to how it tastes.
We determined to leave at once.
【拓展】adj. determined
She was determined to win.
She was making a determined effort to give up smoking.
3. dream
【原句回放】Have you ever dreamed of playing in front of thousands of  people at a concert，at which everyone is clapping and appreciating your music? 你曾梦想过在音乐会上面对成千上万的观众演唱，而且音乐会上的每个人都欣赏你的歌唱并为你鼓掌吗?
【点拨】dream n. ＆ v.
1）n. [C]梦，睡梦(常与about或of连用)
I have a vivid dream about my old school．我做了一个逼真的梦，梦见了我的母校。
2）n. [C]梦想，理想，愿望
Her lifelong dream was to be a famous writer．她的毕生愿望是成为一名著名的作家。
3）v.做梦
I dreamt you last night．昨晚我梦到你了。
4）v. 想象，梦想
【搭配】
1）dream of / about sth.
2）dream of / about doing sth．梦想……
3）dream that...
She dreams of running her own business．她梦想自己开业做生意。
I wouldn’t dream of going without you．你不去，我绝对不会去。
I never dreamt that I'd actually get the job．我做梦也没想到会真的得到这份工作。
【拓展】
1）dream多用作不及物动词，后接of或about．再跟宾语，也可直接跟从句。
   I dreamt that I could fly．我梦想我能飞。
2）但dream后可跟同源宾语。即以与动词同词根的名词作宾语。如dream a good dream做个好梦。
3）dream的过去式、过去分词有两种形式：dreamed，dreamed；dreamt，dreamt。
4. pretend
【原句回放】Do you sing karaoke and pretend you ar e a famous singer like Song Zuying or Liu Huan? 你唱卡拉OK时是否假装自己就是像宋祖英或刘欢一样的著名歌星?
【点拨】pretend v. 假装，佯装；(在游戏中)装扮，扮作，模拟；(与to连用)自称，自诩
He does not pretend to be a physicist．他并不自诩为物理学家。
n．
【搭配】pretend +     that-clause
to do sth.
He pretended sickness．他装病。
Don’t pretend that you know everything．不要装出你什么都懂的样子。
He pretended to be a poet．他假装是个诗人。
When I came in．he pretended to be reading．我进来时，他假装在读书。
Tom pretends to have read the book．汤姆假装读过这本书。
【特别提示】
1）pretend to be doing sth．是强调不定式的动作正在进行的过程中。
2）pretend to do sth．是强调假装要做某事，但不一定正在进行或者是已经发生。
3）pretend to have done sth．强调假装后面的动作已经完成。
【拓展】pretend假装的；false假的，错的；unreal不真实的；lie说谎；cheat欺骗；fool愚弄；trick诡计
5. attach
【原句回放】To be honest。a lot of people attach great importance to becoming rich and famous．
说实在的。很多人把名和利看得重要。
【点拨】attach  vt. & vi.
1）认为有
Do you attach any importance to what he said? 你认为他说的话重要吗?
2）附上，贴上，系上
She attached a stamp to the envelope．她在信封上贴上一枚邮票。
【同类短语】
1）attach importance/value/significance to 认为有重要性/价值/意义
2）attach oneself to 和……在一起，参加，缠着
3）attach one’s name to...  在……上签名
【注意】attach...to中的to为介词，后接名词词组或动名词。
【同义】tie，fasten系上；link，join连接；connect联结
6. form
【原句回放】But just how do people form a band? 那么，人们又是怎样组成乐队的呢?
【点拨】form
1）v. 形成，组成，制作
I can’t form any idea or opinion about it．对此我说不出任何想法或意见。
Five colleges formed this university．五所院校组成了这所大学。
2）v. 养成，培养
One should form good habits when young．当一个人年轻时就应该养成良好的习惯。
3）n. 样子，外表，形式
It is said that a Greek sea-god could appear in the form of any creature he wished．
据说希腊的海神能随心所欲地以任何动物的样子出现。
4）n. 表格
Please fill this form in ink．请用墨水笔填写这张表。
【拓展】
formal  adj. 正式的，正规的；形式上的
formally  adv. 正式地
formless  adj. 无形状的
former  n. 前者的；以前的
【拓展】
in the form of  以……的形式
in form 形式上，情况良好
take the form of 采取……的形式
form into 组成
fill in the form 填表格
form the habit of 养成……的习惯
They are different in form．它们在形式上不同。
Ice，snow and steam are forms of water．冰、雪和蒸气是水的各种形态。
7. broadcast
【原句回放】So during the broadcasts they just pretended to sing．所以在演出的时候他们只是假唱。
【点拨】broadcast
1）vt. & vi. send out in all directions，esp. by radio广播，播送
Does Radio Beijing broadcast the news every hour on the hour? 北京电台每小时播送整点新闻吗?
The BBC broadcasts to all the parts of the world．英国广播公司向全世界广播。
2）n. sth. broadcast广播节目
He has got into the habit of listening to news broadcast at 6:30 a. m.
他养成了早晨六点半听新闻广播的习惯。
【拓展】
broadcaster  n．广播员
broadcasting  n．广播
8. mix
【原句回放】Sort out the following messages that are mixed up to make complete sentences containing attributive clauses．将下列搞乱了的信息进行分类。造出含有定语从句的完整句子。
【点拨】mix  (使)混合，掺和
The artist mixed blue with yellow paint to produce the green color he wanted．
   画家把黄漆和蓝漆相混合，调配出了他想要的绿色漆。
   He learned something about how colors are mixed．他学了一点调色技术。
   She had already mixed the stuffing for the dumplings．她已经把饺子馅和好了。
   We can sometimes mix business with pleasure．我们有时能融工作与享乐于一体。
 【拓展】
mixture  n．混合物，混合 
mixed   adj. 混合的，混杂的
   mixer   n. 混合器，搅拌器
   mix...with...  把……与……混合，交往，相处
9. perform
【原句回放】His most exciting invitation was to perform on a TV programme called “Top of the Pops”．最令他感到激动的是受邀参加叫做“顶级流行歌手”的电视节目中的那场表演。
【点拨】perform vt. ＆ vi.
1）vt. 演出，演奏，唱，表演
When will the play be performed? 那出戏何时上演?
perform a part in a  play 在剧中扮演一个角色
2）vt. 执行，履行
   He performed what he had promised．他履行了他的承诺。
   The doctors are performing an operation to save his life．医生们正在做手术以挽救他的生命。
【拓展】
   perform one’s promise 履行诺言
   perform one’s duty  尽职责
   perform an operation 动手术
perform an experiment 做实验
performance  n. 演出，执行
performer  n. 表演者，执行者
give a performance  演出
put on a performance  演出
10. sensitive
【原句回放】At last feeling very upset and sensitive．Freddy and his band realized that they must leave the country before it became too painful for them．终于由于深感苦恼。神经高度紧张。弗雷迪和他的乐队意识到他们必须在自己感到太痛苦之前离开这个国家。
【点拨】sensitive adj. 敏感的；易受伤的
The eyes are sensitive to light．眼睛对光敏感。
   Children are usually sensitive to blame．小孩们通常容易因受到责备而在感情上受到伤害。
【固定搭配】
be sensitive to…对……敏感
 【拓展】
sense  v. 感觉到；n. 感觉 
sensible  adj. 明智的
sensibility  n. 感受力，敏感性
11. painful
【原句回放】At last feeling very upset and sensitive．Freddy and his band realized that they must leave the country before it became too painful for them．终于由于深感苦恼。神经高度紧张。弗雷迪和他的乐队意识到他们必须在自己感到太痛苦之前离开这个国家。
【点拨】painful adj. 令人痛苦的，令人疼痛的
This duty is painful to me．这责任使我很痛苦。
   The bruise was painful．伤口仍在作痛。
【注意】painful的准确含义是“令人疼痛的”(giving pain)，而in pain才表示“疼痛的”。
   The little girl is in pain because she has a cut in a finger．
由于手指头上的伤口，这个小女孩感到疼痛。
   The little girl has a painful cut in a finger．这个小女孩的手指上有一个令人疼痛的伤口。
【拓展】
pain n．痛苦，疼痛；v. 使痛苦，使苦恼
painfully adv. 令人痛苦地 
painless adj. 无痛的

【重点短语】
1. to be honest
【原句回放】To be honest。a lot of people attach great importance to becoming rich a nd famous．
说实在的。很多人把名和利看得重要。
【点拨】to be honest说实在的，实话说，常用作插入语。
To be honest．I don’t like to work for our company．说实在的，我不喜欢在我们公司工作。
【拓展】
honesty  n. 诚实，正直，老实
honestly  adv. 诚实地，正当地
dishonest  adj. 不诚实的
be honest in(doing) sth. 在(做)……方面诚实
be honest with sb．对……说老实话，同……规规矩矩来往
be quite honest about it 老实说(常用作插入语)
be frank with you 坦诚相告，坦白说 = to tell you the truth跟你说实话吧
2. play jokes on
【原句回放】The musicians were to play jokes On each other as well as play music．most of which was based loosely on the Beatles．组成乐队的音乐人演奏音乐，还彼此打趣逗笑。这些玩笑和音乐大多都在模仿“甲壳虫”乐队。
【点拨】play jokes on 跟…… 开玩笑，戏弄
He used to play a joke on Jack．他过去经常捉弄杰克。
【知识链接】与play jokes on sb. 同义的短语：
play tricks/a trick on sb. 捉弄某人
make fun of sb. 嘲弄/取笑某人
laugh at sb. 嘲笑某人
【拓展】
be beyond a joke 是正经事；不是闹着玩的事
have a joke with sb. of sth. 与某人一起以某事取笑
make a joke about/of sb. /sth. 拿某人/某事开玩笑
for a joke 只是(为了)开玩笑
in joke 闹着玩儿(不是当真的)
3. base on/upon
【原句回放】The musicians were to play jokes On each other as well as play music．most of which was based loosely on the Beatles．
【点拨】base on/upon基于……，以……为根据
【拓展】
be based on  基于……
form the basis of  构成……的主要成分
according to 根据
base根基，基础(指具体)
basis要素，基础(指抽象)
His argument is based on facts，not on hearsay．他的论断是以事实为根据的，而不是道听途说的。
Marx made London the base for his work．马克思把伦敦作为他的工作基地。
The writer based his book on a true story．那位作家写的书基于一个真实的故事。
According to the weather report，it will rain tomorrow．根据天气预报，明天会下雨。
4. rely on
【原句回放】...they had to rely on other musicians to help them．他们不得不依靠其他音乐人的帮助。
【点拨】rely on依靠；依赖
As babies，we rely entirely on others for food．婴儿时期，我们完全依赖别人喂食。
The industry relies on the price of raw material remaining low．这一产业靠的是原料便宜，不涨价。
You can rely on me to keep your secret．你可以相信我能为你保守秘密。
【提示】rely on也可以写为rely upon，其同义词组为depend on/upon。
【拓展】
rely on/upon sb. /sth. 依赖某人/某物
rely on/upon doing sth. 依靠做某事
rely on/upon sb. to do sth．依靠某人做某事
reliable adj. 可靠的；可依赖的；真实可信的
rely/depend/count on it that... 确信……
5. break up
【原句回放】The band broke up about 1970，but happily they reunited in the mid-1980s．这个乐队大约在1970年解散。但令人高兴的是。到80年代中期他们又再次聚首。
【点拨】break up为动副词组，可以是及物的，也可以是不及物的。
1）分解，分开
A word can be broken up into syllables．单词可以分成音节。
2）破碎，粉碎，解体
The ship was breaking up on the rocks．船在礁石上撞毁了。
3）驱散
The police came and broke up the crowd．警察来了，把人群驱散了。
4）放假
When does your school break up? 你们学校何时放假?
【拓展】
break away逃脱，甩掉
break down坏掉，失败，垮掉
break into pieces破成碎片
break into破门而入
break in插话，打断
break out突然发生，爆发(疾病，火灾，战争等)
break through突破
break away from脱离
break one’s word/promise食言
break the law犯法
6. come  up with
【原句回放】Next you will need to come up with a name for your band—something that is different．接下来你需要为你的乐队起个名字——一个与众不同的名字。
【点拨】
1）come up with想出，提出；赶上(主语是人)
   He came up with a new suggestion．他提出了一个新建议。
   You have come up with a good idea．你想出了一个不错的主意。
   Let’s walk slowly SO that the others may come up with us．咱们慢慢走，好让其他人赶上来。
2）come up被提出(主语是物)
   Some practical suggestions came up at the meeting．会上提出了一些可行性建议。
【提示】
   sb. +come up with + sth. 某人提出/想出某事
   sth. + come up某事被提出
【拓展】
catch up with赶上        
keep up with跟上，不落后
make up with 和解，和好  
put up with忍受，忍耐

【重点句型】
1. with+n./pron. + doing sth（伴随的动作）
       +done（已经完成被动的动作）
       + to do（将要执行的动作）
       +adj. 
       + adv.
【原句回放】Freddy and his band could not go out anywhere without being followed. 弗雷迪和他的乐队走到哪里都会有人跟随。
【点拨】构成复合结构(也叫with的复合结构)在句中做状语
With winter coming it’s time for us to prepare for our final exam.
With the homework done, he went home happily.
The professor came in with a lot of students following.
With the problem solved, we all feel very happy.
With Lily to help us, we can finish the work in an hour.
He likes to sleep with the door open.
With her son away from home, she felt very lonely.
With a bag on her back, the girl went home happily.
2. even/much/a lot/far+比较级
【原句回放】They became even more popular than “The Beatle” in the USA and sold even more records.
他们在美国变得比“甲壳虫”乐队更受欢迎并且卖了很多唱片
【点拨】even/much/a lot/far+比较级。比---更---
It’s even colder than yesterday. 今天比昨天更冷
The garden is much more beautiful than that one. 这个花园比那个更漂亮
3. not ... without…  
【原句回放】Freddy and his band could not go out anywhere without being followed.
佛雷迪和他的乐队无论走到哪儿都有人跟踪。
【点拨】not…without…意为“没有……就不能……”，本句含有一个双重否定：所以全句的意思其实是肯定的。例如：
I can’t live without you . 我的生活中不能没有你。
There isn’t a single time when he looks at the photo without thinking of his childhood.
他每次看到这张照片，都会想起他的童年。
You can’t make an omelette without breaking eggs.
你不可能不打蛋就能做出煎饼。（谚语，意思是，“没有人能不经历练就就成就大事的”）