Unit 5 Nelson Mandela—a modern hero
devote, vote, equal, escape, reward, out of work, turn to, set up, the first time
1. devote vt. 献身，专心于
devote oneself to 献身，致力，专心
devote…to… 把…用于…
devoted adj. 忠实的，深爱的
devotion n. 关爱，关照；奉献，忠诚
be devoted to 深爱，致力于
eg: She devoted herself to her career.
They are devoted to their children.
Her devotion to the job left her with very little free time.
2. vote
n. 投票；选票；表决
vote for 投票赞成
vote against 投票反对
vote on 投票表决
vote…down 投票击败，投票否决
vote through 投票通过
put…to the vote 付诸表决，裁决
eg: Did you vote for or against her?
He was voted the most promising new director.
The plan was passed by 6 votes to 3.
注：vote for表示“投票赞同”；vote against表示“投票反对”，类似结构还有“be for / against；fight for / against。
3. equal v. 等于；抵得上
adj. 相等的；胜任的
n. 同等的人；相等物
A equals B in… A 在…方面比得上B
be equal to + n. / doing sth 等于；与…相等；有…的能力（勇气、力量等）胜任，能干
be without equal / have no equal 无与伦比；无敌
equality n. 平等
equally adv. 相等地；同等地；均等，同样
eg: With his last jump he equalled the world record.
There is an equal number of boys and girls in the class.
He is a player without equal.
注：注意以下介词的搭配：
be equal to sth 胜任某事
be similar to 同…相似
be familiar
with sth 熟悉某物
be indifferent to sth 对某事不关心；不在乎
be kind to sb 对某人和蔼
be polite to sb 对某人有礼貌
be friendly to / with 对…友好
4. escape v.&n. 逃脱；逃生；泄露
escape from 从…逃脱，逃避
escape death 死里逃生
escape one’s notice 没注意
narrow escape 死里逃生
eg: She managed to escape from the burning car.
He was lucky to escape punishment.
His name escapes me.
注：escape后接动词时，要用其-ing形式。
5. reward n. 报酬，奖金
vt. 酬劳，奖赏
as a reward for 作为（对某事的）报酬 / 奖赏
in reward 作为报答，作为奖赏
reward sb for sth / doing sth 为（做）某事而报答某人
reward sb with sth 用某物奖赏某人
辨析reward / award：
|
|
名词 |
动词 |
|
reward |
报酬、奖金或一些非金钱的报酬 |
给予报酬，指因对方的工作、服务、帮助而给予的报酬或奖赏reward sb for sth因…而报答某人 |
|
award |
奖品，奖金 |
授予，颁发aware sb sth = award sth to sb |
eg: How can I reward your kindness?
He was rewarded for his efforts with a cash bonus.
You deserve a reward for being so helpful.
6. out of work 失业
out of business 破产；歇业
out of control 失控
out of repair 失修
out of order 有毛病
out of date 过时
out of one’s reach 够不着
out of danger 脱险
out of question 毫无疑问
out of patience 失去耐心
out of mind 心不在焉
eg: Out of sight, out of mind. 眼不见，心不念。
He’s been out of work for six months.
It is out of question that he will be admitted into key universities.
7. turn to 求助于，致力于
turn away 拒绝，不准某人入内
turn around 转身
turn down 拒绝；调小
turn in 上交
turn off 关掉
turn on 打开
turn out 赶出；证明是，结果是
turn over 翻身，翻转
turn up 露面，出现；开大
eg: Nobody seems to understand. I don’t know who to turn to.
Paul turned to drinking alcohol to try to forget his problems at work.
The job turned out (to be) harder than we thought.
Why did she turn down your invitation?
8. set up 设立，建立
set about 开始做
set apart 使与众不同；留出；拨出（专用）
set aside 把…放在一边；省出，留出
set down 写下，记下
set forth 陈述，阐明
set off 出发，动身；使爆炸；引起，激发
set out 出发，动身；摆放，陈列；开始，着手
eg: A fund will be set up for the dead men’s families.
The school has set up a special class to help poor readers.
Panic on the stock market set off a wave of selling.
注：set about doing sth = set out to do sth“开始做某事”；set out和set off表示“动身，出发”到某目的地，其后用for而不用to。
9. I felt bad the first time I talked to a group.
句中的the first time用作连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“第一次…时”。
名词短语作连词，引导时间状语从句的有：
the minute = as soon as 一…就…
the instant
every time 每次 / 回…就…
each time 每当…时
next time 下次…时
any time （在）任何时间
有时副词也可充当连词，引导时间状语从句，它们是：instantly，immediately，directly等，相当于as soon as。
eg: Each time I called on him, he was very busy.
He came to see me immediately he came back.
I recognized her the moment I saw her.
练习：
1. 他一天只能在这个项目上花两个小时，但他忠于职守是值得尊敬的。
He could only to work on the project, but
is worth respecting.
2. （改错）We’ll listen to the arguments on both sides and then vote for it.
3. Mike often attempts to escape whenever he breaks traffic regulations.
A. having been fined B. to have been fined
C. to be fined D. being fined
4. It is said that the police have offered a large for information leading to the robber’s arrest.
A. award B. prize C. reward D. welfare
5. ---What do you think of my new dress?
---I’m sorry, but I think it’s out of and you can’t keep pace with the latest fashion.
A. question B. order C. date D. practice
6. If an airplane is , it will certainly crash.
A. under control B. out of control
C. lost control D. in control
7. The French pianist who had been praised very highly to be a great disappointment.
A. turned up B. turned in
C. turned out D. turned down
8. The President his views in a television broadcast.
A. set down B. set forth
C. set back D. set off
9. they visited the
A. The first time B. For the first time
C. At first D. At the first time
10. 两家公司合并的建议已于昨日投票通过。
11. 女人和男人同工同酬。
Unit 5 Nelson Mandela—a modern hero
1. devote two hours a day；his devotion to duty 2. for → on 3—9 DCCBCBA
10. Proposal to combine the two companies was voted through yesterday.
11. Women are paid the same as men for equal work.
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