【语法复习18】数词--打印文章

高考重点要求：

1．掌握基数词、序数词、分数词、倍数、百分数、年月日、钟点、年龄、序号的基本用法。

2．掌握不定数量词、约数词的表达方法。

数词在各个题项中，单选、阅读、听力、写作中发挥着很强的作用，往往用以说明事实的精确性和可信性。数词是由两大部分构成的即基数词和序数词，而其他数字表示法如分数，小数等均由这两大部分的不同组合而构成。

（一）基数词：表示数目的词为基数词，它的构成如下表：

范围	特点	实例
1~12	无规律	one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve
13~19	以teen为结尾	thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen
20~90	以ty结尾	twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety
21~99	十位与个位之间要加连字符 “-”	twenty-five, sixty-five, ninety-nine
101~999	百位与十位之间通常用and	three hundred and twenty-five（美语中常将and省略）
千以上		6275—six thousand two hundred and seventy-five；1200—twelve hundred

（二）序数词：表示顺序的数词为序数词，它的构成如下表：

范围	特点	实例
1~19	各基数词尾加th	其中七个例外：first, second, third, fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth, 其余，如：four — forth, six — sixth, nineteen — nineteenth
20,30~90	把y变i后加eth	twentieth, fortieth, ninetieth
21以后多位数	最后一个数用序数词，其余用基数词	21st — twenty-first, 110th — one hundred and tenth

含义	英语表达	例句
大于某数	more than	He has lived here for more than twenty years.
	over	she is over fifty.
	or more	There're thirty people or more in the meeting-room.
小于某数	less than	I have less than (not more than )fifty dollars.
	under	Children under seven are not allowed to enter.
	below	He would not sell it for below a hundred fifty dollars.
	or less	The coat might cost him sixty dollars or less.
大约（某数）	nearly	She is nearly fifty now.
	almost	Its almost three o'clock.
	up to	Up to ten men can sleep in this tent.
	or	He spent four or five days writing the article.
	or so	The distance is twenty miles or so.
	about	I visited that village about three years ago.
	some	Their team has some four or five players.
	more or less	The container can hold more or less twenty pounds of water.
	around/round	Let's make it round/around eight o'clock.

被修饰名词的数	英语表达	汉译
修饰可数名词	dozens of	几十、许多
	scores of	许多
	many, a good(great) many, many a (饰单数可数名词)	许多、大量
	hundreds of	数以百计
	thousands of ,thousands upon thousands of	成千上万
	millions of	数百万
	billions of	亿万
修饰不可数名词	much , a great (good)deal of , a large amount of ,large amounts of	许多、大量
修饰可数名词或不可数名词	a lot of /lots of ,plenty of, 　　a large quantity of , large quantities of	许多、大量

示例	英语表示法
2001．6．30	June 30,2001 30June,2001 30thJune, 2001
7：25	seven twenty-five twenty-five past even
12:54	twelve fifty four six to one
9:15	nine fifteen a quarter past nine
2:30	two thirty half past two
21:50	twenty-one fifty 9:50p.m.
第21	twenty-first
第123	one hundred and twenty-third
	a half
	two and two-fifths
20%	20 per cent 20 percent
第七路公共汽车	Bus Number Seven
第201房间	Room 201
人民路153号	153 Renmin Road
4+8 =12	Four plus eight is twelve
11-7=4	Eleven minus seven is four.
6×5=30	Six times five is thirty.
20÷5=4	twenty divided by five is four.
A＞B	A is more than B.
A＜B	A is less than B.
A≈B	A is approximately (近似地, 大约)equals to B.
A≠B	A is not equal to B.