专题六：时态

考点概要：

安徽省高考英语考试说明中要求掌握：

（1）一般现在时  （2）一般过去时  （3）一般将来时（4）现在进行时  （5）过去进行时  

（6）过去将来时（7）将来进行时  （8）现在完成时   （9）过去完成时  （10）现在完成进行时

 

考点一      一般现在时与现在进行时

1. She looks tired. （状态、感觉）

    She is looking at a bird. （动作）

2. How do you feel today? (说明事实)

    How are you feeling today?（表明某种情绪：关切）

3. The train leaves at 9:00 a.m. (以事物作主语时)

    He isn’t coming to the party tonight. (以人为主语时)

练习：

A  1. My parents _____ in Hong Kong. They were born there and have never lived anywhere else.

   A. live       B. lived           C. were living        D. will live     09天津

A  2. Look at the timetable. Hurry up ! Flight 4025______ at 18:20.

   A. takes    B. took    C. will be taken         D. has taken      06四川

B  3. --- What would you do if it ____ tomorrow?

       --- We have to carry it on, since we’ve got everything ready .

    A．rain B．rains        C．will rain   D．is raining   05全国1

C  4. Planning so far ahead ____ no sense；so many things will have changed by next year.

   A. made    B. is making           C. makes D. has made    11全国1

B  5. --- I don't suppose the police know who did it.

       --- Well, surprisingly they do. A man has been arrested and _____ now.

   A. has been questioned    B. is being questioned  C. is questioning     D. has questioned   06江苏

B  6. --- Are you still busy?

       --- Yes, I _____ my work, and it won't take long.

   A．just finish   B．am just finishing    C．have just finished   D．am just going to finish  05浙江

A  7. I've won a holiday for two to Florida. I ______ my mum.

   A. am taking    B. have taken   C. take       D. will have taken   01安徽春考

 

考点二    现在完成时和一般过去时

现在完成时指过去发生的事情一直延续到现在，或者过去发生的事情对现在造成的影响或结果，属于现在时的范畴。而一般过去时表示过去的事情、动作或状态，与现在没有联系。

I’ve learnt a lot from you. （因此很感谢你）

I learnt a lot there. (事实)

有时同一个动作，根据具体情况，需要不同时态。

1. He has been in the army for 2 years. （还在部队）

   He was in the army for 2 years. （现已离开）

2. She has done this all these years. （直到如今）

   She did this for many years.（现在不做了）

练习：

A  1. Edward, you play so well. But I _____ you played the piano.

     A. didn't know     B. hadn't known   C. don't know    D. haven't known    09全国1

A  2. ---You speak very good French!

        ---Thanks. I _____ French is Sichuan University for four years.

   A. studied         B. study     C. was studying             D. had studied    09四川

D  3. --- Have you known Dr. Jackson for a long time?

       ---Yes, since she ______ the Chinese Society.

   A. has joined   B. joins   C. had joined    D. joined    08全国1

C  4. Danny _____ hard for long to realize his dream and now he is popular.

   A. works   B. is working  C. has worked       D. worked     07福建

B  5. The country life he was used to _____ greatly since 1992.

   A. change    B. has changed    C. changing   D. have changed    05山东

 

考点三   过去进行时和一般过去时

1. 一般过去时强调过去已经结束的动作，而过去进行时表示动作的进行但不一定完成。

He was doing his homework in the afternoon. (没做完)

He did his homework in the afternoon. （已做完）

2. 过去进行时表示一个历时较长的体现“背景”动作或情况；一般过去时表示在历时较长的动作或情况的过程中发生的打断它的一个短暂动作。

When I was getting on the bus, my wallet was stolen.

When she arrived, I was telephoning Hary？

练习：

B  1. The telephone _____, but by the time I got indoors, it stopped.

   A. had rung        B. was ringing      C. rings       D. has rung    08四川1

C  2. I _____ along the street looking for a place to park when the accident _______.

   A．went; was occurring               B．went; occurred

   C．was going; occurred               D．was going; had occurred     06安徽

D  3. Shirley _____a book about China last year but I don't know whether she has finished it.

   A. has written   B. wrote  C. had written   D. was writing    98全国

 

考点四       过去完成时与一般过去时

过去完成时表示过去某时间或某动作之前已经发生的事情或存在的状态，即：过去的过去。动词expect, hope，promise，think，want等的过去完成时可用来表示本来打算做而没有做某事。而一般过去时则强调过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。

The train had left before we reached the station. 我们到车站时，火车已经离开了。

I had hoped that he could help us.我本来希望他能帮助我们。

练习：

B  1. John was given the same suitcase his father and grandfather _____ with them to school.

   A. took            B. had taken    C. were taking      D. would take   09北京

C  2. I arrived late; I _____ the road to be so icy.

   A. wouldn't expect       B. haven't expected

   C. hadn't expected           D. wasn't expecting   04北京春考

C  3. Helen____ her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband____ home.

   A. has left; comes      B. left; had come

   C. had left; came       D. had left; would come   96全国

 

考点五   现在完成时与现在完成进行时

1. 现在完成时表示动作业已完成，而完成进行时却不一定如此。

I’ve made a cake. （已做好）

I’ve been making a cake. （不一定做好了）

2. 许多静态动词只能用于完成时。

This strike has lasted six months.

3. 有少数动作用两种时态都可以，意思差别不大。

They have been working / have worked very well this term.

但强调时间长度时用完成进行时较好。

I’ve been coughing all night.

练习：

C  1. Excuse me, Marcia, a reporter from Vanity Fair ______ all day. Could you speak to her now?

   A. phones          B. has phoned        C. has been phoning   D. phoned    09辽宁

D  2. I'm tired out. I _____ all afternoon and I don't seem to have finished anything.

   A. shopped     B. have shopped   C. had shopped   D. have been shopping   10湖南

 

考点六     一 般将来时

一、shall/will do

1. 表示设想会发生的事。(表预见)

It will rain tomorrow.

I don't know if I shall see you next week.

2、表示说话时才决定某事时。(表意图)

We are really lost. I'll stop and ask someone the way.

二、am/is/are + going to do

1、表示不久即将发生的事，有迹象表明。(表预见)

Oh, look. It's going to rain. (There are black clouds in the sky.)

2、计划打算做某事。(表意图)

We are going to see a film this Saturday evening.

三、am/is/are to do

1、表示按计划、安排将要发生的动作。

The Prime Minister is to visit China next year.

2、表示命令、禁止、可能性等。

You are to deliver these flowers before 10:00. (命令)

You are not to tell him anything about our plans. (禁止)

A knife is to cut with. (目的)

They were never to meet again. (命中注定)

注：be to和be going to

be to 表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事，be going to 表示主观的打算或计划。

I am to play football tomorrow afternoon.　　明天下午我去踢球。（客观安排）

I'm going to play football tomorrow afternoon.  明天下午我想去踢球。（主观安排）

四、am/is/are about to do 表示不久的将来，即将、很快就会发生的动作。

Look! The race is about to start.

注：be about to do 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。

练习：

A  1. Dr. Smith, together with his wife and daughters, _____ visit Beijing this summer.

   A  is going to   B are going to    C was going to   D  were going to    09陕西

D  2. --- Ann is in hospital.

        --- Oh, really? I __ know. I __ go and visit her.

   A. didn't; am going to      B. don't; would   C. don't; will    D. didn't; will   09江苏

B  3. In such dry weather, the flowers will have to be watered if they ______ .

   A. have survived     B. are to survive    C. would survive    D. will survive   01上海

 

考点七 过去将来时

过去将来时表示从过去观点看将要发生的事情。常用在宾语从句中。

It was four o’clock. Soon the sun would come up.

He told me he was leaving in an hour.

练习：

D  1. When he _____ the door, he found his keys were nowhere.          

   A. would open         B. opened     C. had opened       D. was to open   09湖南

C  2. ---Tom, you didn't come to the party last night?      

        --- I ____, but I suddenly remembered I had homework to do.

   A. had to B. didn’t        C. was going to      D. wouldn’t   07全国2

A  3. Did you predict that many students ______ up for the dance competition?

   A. would sign      B. signed   C. have signed      D. had signed   11上海

 

考点八．将来进行时与＊将来完成时

将来进行时可用于表示将来某个时刻正在发生的动作或者将来某一段时间内正在进行的动作。常见的状语有：at this time tomorrow，from 1∶30 to 4∶30 tomorrow。

He will be giving a lecture this time tomorrow. 明天此时他将正在做报告。

＊将来完成时表示将来某时某动作业已完成或某事情业已发生。

By this summer we’ll have been here for 5 years.在今年夏天之前我们将在这儿呆了5年。

练习：

D  1. Daniel's family _____ their holiday in Huangshan this time next week.

   A. are enjoying     B. are to enjoy   C. will enjoy      D. will be enjoying   09安徽

C  2. --- Can I call you back at two o'clock this afternoon?

       --- I'm sorry, but by then I______ to Beijing. How about five?

     A. fly        B. will fly   C. will be flying    D. am flying    12陕西

D  3. On the next birthday, Ann_____ married for twenty years.

   A. is     B. has been      C. will be     D. will have been   11天津

D  4. ---Tommy is planning to buy a car.

        ---I know. By next month, he ____enough for a used one

    A. saves        B. saved  C. will save   D. will have saved    11江苏