专题五：形容词和副词

考点概要

倍数表达法；形容词和副词比较级、最高级的修饰语、常用句型及用法；形容词作状语；形容词和副词的词义辨析等。

 

考点一    倍数表达法

1．倍数表达法的常见结构

(1)A is＋倍数＋比较级＋than＋B

(2)A is＋倍数＋as＋原级＋as＋B

(3)A is＋倍数＋the＋名词(size，length，height等)＋of＋B

(4)A is＋倍数＋that＋of＋B

(5)A is＋倍数＋what引导的名词性从句

The money he earns is three times that of hers.

＝He earns twice more than her.

＝He earns three times as much as her.

＝He earns three times what she earns.

他的收入是她的三倍。

2．如果有名词，表示倍数时可用以下两种结构：

(1)倍数＋more＋名词＋than

(2)倍数＋as many/much＋名词＋其他＋as

Americans eat more than twice as many vegetables per person today as they did in 1910.

美国人现在每个人吃的蔬菜是1910年的两倍多。

Smoking is harmful to people’s health，killing seven times more people each year than traffic accidents.

吸烟对人的健康有害，每年因抽烟而丧命的人是死于交通事故的7倍多。

练习：

A  1. My uncle's house in the downtown area is much smaller than ours, but it is twice ______expensive.

   A. as         B. so              C. too            D. very   09四川

A  2. I like this jacket better than that one, but it costs almost three times______.

   A. as much    B. as many    C. so much    D. so many   08浙江

D  3. At a rough estimate, Nigeria is ____ Great Britain.

   A. three times the size as         B. the size three times of

   C. three times as the size of    D. three times the size of     05上海

 

考点二    形容词、副词的比较级和最高级

1．平级比较。

用as...as，not as/so...as，the same as，such...as引导。

It is generally believed that teaching is as much an art as it is a science.

人们普遍认为，教学是一门科学，同时也是一门艺术。

The work is not as difficult as you imagine. 这工作不是你想象的那么难。

2. as...as结构中形容词与名词的位置

You've made as many mistakes as I have. 你犯的错误和我犯的一样多。

I haven't got as much money as I thought. 我不像原来想像的有那么多钱。

She is as good a teacher as her mother. 她和她妈妈一样是位好老师。

也可说。如：She is a teacher as good as her mother.

3．“the＋比较级..，the＋比较级...”表示“越……，越……”。

The more careful you are，the fewer mistakes you’ll make. 你越仔细，犯的错误就越少。

4．否定词＋比较级表最高级含义。

—Are you satisfied with what he said at the meeting?  ——你对他会议上说的满意吗？

—No. It couldn’t have been worse.  ——不，不能再差了。

5．“the＋比较级＋of the two＋名词”表示“两者中较……的那一个”。

Of the two cameras，I would prefer the smaller one，which is very easy for me to carry.

这两个照相机我喜欢容易携带、较小的那一个。

6．a＋形容词比较级＋n.结构。

After two years’ research，we have a far better understanding of the disease.

研究两年之后，我们对这种病有了更好的理解。

7．常用来修饰比较级的词汇：rather，much，still，even，far，any(否定句或疑问句)，a lot，a little，a great deal，by far，a bit等；常用来修饰最高级的词汇：序数词，by far，nearly，almost，by no means等。

练习：

C  1. He speaks English well indeed, but of course not _____ a native speaker.

    A. as fluent as   B. more fluent than    C. so fluently as   D. much fluently than   04上海

D  2. Alan is a careful driver, but he drives _____ of my friends.

    A. more carefully   B. the most carefully   C.  less carefully          D. the least carefully  07上海

B  3. Our neighbor has _______ ours.

   A．as a big house as           B．as big a house as

   C．the same big house as       D．a house the same big as    03北京

D  4. It is generally believed that teaching is ______ it is a science.

   A. an art much as          B. much an art as   

   C. as an art much as        D. as much an art as     01全国

B  5. Of the two coats, I'd choose the _____ one to spare some money for a book.

   A. cheapest     B. cheaper     C. more expensive  D. most expensive   07四川

A  6. Though he started late. Mr. Guo played the piano as well as, if _______, Miss Liu.

   A．not better than    B．not better         C．no better than   D．better  07陕西

B  7. John plays football____, if not better than, David.

   A. as well    B. as well as   C. so well   D. so well as   94全国

C  8. Your story is perfect; I've never heard _______ before.

   A. the better one      B. the best one            C. a better one      D. a good one 06全国2

C  9. In recent years travel companies have succeeded in selling us the ides that the further we go, _________.

   A. our holiday will be better           B. our holiday will be the better

   C. the better our holiday will be         D. the better will our holiday be    01上海

B  10. As far as I am concerned, education is about learning and the more you learn, __________.

   A. the more for life are you equipped      B. the more equipped for life you are

   C. the more life you are equipped for      D. you are equipped the more for life   02上海

B  11. After two years’ research, we now have a ____ better understanding of the disease.

   A. very     B. far      C. fairly   D. quite    07全国2

 

考点三   形容词作状语

形容词作状语表示原因、时间、伴随情况或结果，并不修饰动词，而是用来说明句子的主语所处的状态。大多与全句用逗号隔开，可置于句首、句中或句末。

1．形容词(短语)置于句首常作原因状语

Helpless，we watched our home destroyed before our eyes.

我们束手无策，只能眼睁睁地看着自己的家园被毁掉。

2．形容词(短语)置于句末常作伴随状语或方式状语

After the war，the soldiers returned home，safe and sound.

战争结束后，那些士兵平安回到了家。

练习

B  1. After the long journey, the three of them went back home, ______.

   A. hungry and tiredly      B. hungry and tired

   C. hungrily and tiredly    D. hungrily and tired     08北京

D  2. _______, she is the sort of woman to spread sunshine to people through her smile .

   A. Shy and cautious                 B. Sensitive and thoughtful

   C. Honest and confident            D. Lighthearted and optimistic    10安徽

考点四    形容词、副词词义辨析

考点五    其他考点

1．而且moreover, besides, furthermore, what’s more; 因此therefore, thus; 否则otherwise, or else;然而however, nevertheless, though, instead, yet

2．副词修饰形容词或其他副词时，一般位于被修饰词的前面，但enough要放在被修饰词的后面 。

3．cannot/never与enough或too连用，表示“无论怎样都不过分；越……越好”。

You can never be too careful in the street. 在街上越小心越好。

4．多个形容词作定语时的顺序：县官行令杀国才

The little wooden house looks as if it hasn’t been lived in for years.

这个木制小房子看上去好像多年没人住过了。

练习：

A  1. --- How is everything going on with you in Europe?

    ---Quite well. Not so smoothly as I hoped, _________.

    A. though           B. instead          C. either    D. too    05江苏

A  2. The incomes of skilled workers went up. ______, unskilled workers saw their earnings fall.

   A. Moreover     B. Therefore  C. Meanwhile       D. Otherwise  09浙江

C  3. Progress so far has been very good. ____, we are sure that the project will be completed on time.

   A. However      B. Otherwise   C. Therefore   D. Besides  06浙江

A  4. If I had _____, I'd visit Europe, stopping at all the small interesting places.

   A. a long enough holiday               B. an enough long holiday

   C. a holiday enough long               D. a long holiday enough     98全国

B  5. --- Must I turn off the gas after cooking ?

    --- Of course . You can never be _____ careful with that.

    A．enough      B．too   C．so    D．very    05江西

A  6. This _____ girl is Linda's cousin.  05北京

   A. pretty little Spanish    B. Spanish little pretty   C. Spanish pretty little    D. little pretty Spanish

A  7. The ______ house smells as if it hasn't been lived in for years.    04江苏

   A. little white wooden   B. little wooden white  C. white wooden little   D. wooden white little