专题三：名词

考点概要

安徽省高考英语考试说明中要求掌握：

（1）可数名词及其单复数    （2）不可数名词   （3）专有名词  （4）名词所有格

 

考点一    抽象名词具体化

1．抽象名词具体化

具有某种特性、状态、特点、情感、情绪的人或事，具体指特定的某一件事时，这一抽象名词可作为可数名词。

difficulty困难	a difficulty一件难事
experience经验	an experience一次经历
failure失败	a failure一位失败者，一件失败的事
knowledge知识	a good knowledge丰富的知识
success成功	a success一位成功者，一件成功的事
surprise惊奇	a surprise一件令人吃惊的事

His new book was a great success. 他的新书获得了巨大成功。

2．有些物质名词可转化为可数名词

drink饮料	two drinks 两杯饮料	sugar糖	a sugar一块糖
coffee咖啡	a coffee一杯咖啡	paper纸	a paper一篇论文
tea茶	two teas两杯茶	hair头发	a hair一根头发

--- Would you like some coffee?  ——你想喝点咖啡吗？

--- I would like a coffee and two beers.   ——我想要一杯咖啡和两杯啤酒。

练习：

C  1. We have every reason to believe that ____ 2008 Beijing Olympic Games will be ______ success.

   A. / … a    B. the … /     C. the … a    D. a … a    07江苏

C  2. What____ pity that you couldn't be there to receive _____ prize! 09陕西

   A a; a   B  the ; a     C  a ; the    D the; the

 

考点二   名词所有格

名词的所有格在句中表示所有关系，作定语用。有生命名词的所有格一般在词尾加上“’s”；无生命名词的所在格通常用of短语来表示。

1、and并列的所有格

Mary and Tom’s room 两人共同拥有的房间；Mary’s and Tom’s room两人都有自己的房间

2、双重所有格

“of + 名词’s”修饰前面的名词。A friend of my mother’s

练习：

C  1. The _____ shoes were covered with mud, so I asked them to take them off before they got into _____ car.

   A. girl's; Tom's     B. girls’; Toms’    C. girls’; Tom’s     D. girl’s; Toms’     09江西

D  2. The village is far away from here indeed. It's ____ walk.

   A. a four hour      B. a four hour's    C. a four-hours     D. a four hours'   04上海春考

 

考点三  名词词义辨析

 1、义近名词

2、形近名词

3、名词固定搭配

练习：

B  1. From their ____ on the top of the TV Tower, visitors can have a better view of the city.

   A. stage     B. position     C. condition      D. situation   09陕西

A  2. At the meeting they discussed three different ______to the study of mathematics.

   A. approaches   B. means    C. methods   D. ways    06湖北

D  3. In dealing with public relations, we should make every effort to prevent the _____ in personality.

   A. contact        B. contrast        C. connection        D. conflict    04上海

B  4. Usually a child' s behaviour is a ______ of his family environment.

   A. recognition  B. reflection C. return   D. record    04上海春考

D  5. If you're driving to the airport, can you give me a ______?

   A. hand      B. seat     C. drive     D. lift    03安徽春考

D  6. Perhaps we need to clear away these books to make _____for our new students.

   A. place     B. area      C. space      D. room   03安徽春考

 

考点四  名词作定语

1、名词作定语主要用来表示被修饰名词的用途、材料、类别等，起修饰作用的名词通常用单数，如：shoe factory; tooth brush。但也有部分名词常用复数形式，如：salesman, clothes shop.

2、数词与表示量的单位名词连用作定语时，用连字符连接，其中的单位名词用单数。如：a ten-mile walk

3、man, woman作定语时，有数的变化。如a woman doctor; some women doctors

练习：

B  1. The ______ is just around the corner and you won't miss it.

   A. bicycle's shop  B.  bicycle shop   C. bicycles shop   D.  bicycles' shop   01上海春考

C  2. It took us quite a long time to get here. It was _____ journey.

   A. three-hour      B. a three hour         C. a three-hour   D. three hours   05北京春考