1. be known as…意为“作为……而出名”，as 后面的宾语与主语是同位关系。

2. be known for…意为“因……而出名”，for后面的宾语是主语的从属内容，可理解为原因。

3. be known to…意为“被……所熟知”，to的宾语常常是人。

4. be known by…意为“根据……而得知”，by的宾语是表示认识手段或判断标准的名词。

【活学活用】

1. The African lion is _________the king of the forest.

   非洲狮被称为森林之王。

2. This place is nationally __________its melons and fruit，especially its seedless grapes.

   这个地方因瓜果尤其是无核葡萄而驰名全国。

3. It is _________everyone that theory comes from practice.

   理论源于实践，这是人人皆知的。

4. A person is ___________the company he keeps.

   可以由某人所交的朋友来判断他的为人。

【答案】

1. known as  2. known for  3. known to  4. known by