【高中词汇辨析】besides/except/except for/but/apart from | |
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1.besides 表示“除---以外,(还,也)”,相当于 in addition to. 例如: Besides English, they also study math, physics and chemistry. 除了英语以外,他们还学习数学,物理和化学。 She can speak French and Japanese besides English. 除英语外,她还会讲法语和日语 注意:besides 和 in addition to 同义,表示“除……之外(还)……”。但是,当与nothing,nobody或no one等否定意义的不定代词连用时,besides与except同义,表示“除…之外(其余都不)”。例如: She knows Japanese besides English. In addition to English, she knows Japanese. All of them went to climb the mountain except me. 注意:不要将besides和beside 混淆。beside是“在…旁边”的意思。 2.except 表示“除…外,(其余都)…”,常与all,every,no, none, nothing 等含有整体肯定或否定意义的词连用。except:指同一类事物的总体中除去一部分。例如: He gets up early everyday except Sunday. 除星期天外,他每天早起。 注意:except 是英语中少数用法最为活跃的介词之一, 其后除了可跟名(代)词外, 还可跟另一介词短语、动词不定式短语或 that 引导的从句 。例如: He answered all the questions except the last one. 除了最后一个问题外,所有的问题他都回答了。 I went nowhere except to the library. 除了图书馆以外,我哪儿都没有去。 试比较: We all went except him. 除了他(没去)以外,我们都去了。 Three others also went besides him. 除了他(去了)以外, 还去了三个人。 3.except for它的宾语与前述对象完全是两回事。例如: The room was very cold and, except for Jack, entirely empty. 这个房间很阴冷,而且除了杰克,完全是空荡荡的。 4.except that后面跟从句,语意与上同。例如: He has always been in good health except that he has had a slight headache in the past few days. 除了在过去几天里有些头痛之外,他身体一直很好。 注意:except 与 except for区别 except for 也表示“除 … 以外”,但是和 except 不同的是: 与 except 连用的整体词和 except 所跟的词常常是同类的,是指整体除去一部份; 而与 except for 连用的整体词与 except for 所跟的词往往不是同类的,是指整体中除去一个细节。例如: Your composition is good except for a few spelling mistakes. 除了几处拼写错误以外, 你的作文写得很好。 Except for an old lady, the bus was empty. 除了有一个老太太以外, 这辆公共汽车是空的。 3. apart from 表示“除 …之外”。根据上、下文的不同,它既可用作 besides, 也可用作 except 和 except for。例如: Apart from them, I had no one to talk to. (= except) 除了他们以外, 我没有人说话。 Apart from other considerations, time is also a factor. (=besides) 除了别的考虑之外,时间也是一个因素。 (It is) Good work apart from a few slight faults. (= except for) 除了几个小毛病以外,这是一篇佳作。 Apart from the cost, the hat doesn't suit me. 除价钱太贵,这帽子也不适合我戴。 4.but常可与 except互换,强调“不在其中”。 except 与but 的意思相同,用法也相同,但but 后不能接从句。例如: Everyone attended the meeting but Mary. 大家都出席了这次会议,但玛丽不在其列。 We all went to the park except (but) Mary. |
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