Unit 2 English around the world
native, base, command, request, recognize, block, because of, come up, such as, play a role / part in,
1. native adj. 本国的；本地的；天赋的
n. 本地人；本国人
be native to 原产于某地的，土生土长的
be a native of 土生土长的本地人
go native 入乡随俗，同化
native art / dance / peoples土著艺术 / 舞蹈 / 民族
native wit / intelligence 与生俱来的机智 / 才智
eg: The tiger is native to
He is a native of
You can always tell the difference between the tourists and the natives.
2. base vt. 以…为根据
n. 基部；基地；基础
base sth on / upon sth 以…为基础（或根据）
base sb / sth / oneself in 以…为据点（或总部等），把（总部等）设在
the base of a column / glass / pyramid 柱基 / 玻璃杯底 / 金字塔底座
a military / naval base 军事 / 海军基地
based adj. （以某事）为基础 / 根据的
baseless adj. 无根据的；无缘无故的
basement n. 地下室
eg: What are you basing this theory on?
They decided to base the new company in
The town is an ideal base for touring the area.
3. command n. [C] 命令，指令 [U]掌握
vt. 命令，指挥，支配；博得；赢得
at sb’s command 听某人指挥
under one’s command 由…指挥
under the command of sb 在…指挥之下
have (a) command of 掌握；精通（尤指语言）
take command of 控制
(be) in command of 掌握，控制
command sb to do sth 命令某人做某事
command that… (should) do… 命令…
eg: The police arrived and took command of the situation.
Applicants will be expected to have (a) command of English.
The commission intervened and commanded that work on the building cease.
注：command后面的宾语从句、表语从句或同位语从句要用虚拟语气，谓语形式是should + 动词原形或省略should。
4. request n.&vt. 请求；要求
make (a) request for… 请求；要求…
at sb’s request = at the request of sb应某人之要求
by request (of) 照需要；依照请求；应邀
on request 一经要求
request sb to do sth 请求某人做某事
request that sb (should) do sth 请求…
request sth from / of sb 向某人请求某物
It is requested that… 据要求…
eg: He was there at the request of his manager.
She requested that no one (should) be told of her decision.
You are requested not to smoke in the restaurant.
常用虚拟语气的动词口诀：一坚持insist；二命令order，command；三建议advise，suggest，propose；四要求ask，demand，request，require。
5. recognize vt. 辨认出；承认
recognize sb / sth by / from…
根据…认出某人 / 某事（物）
be recognized to be / as 被认作…/被认为是…
It is recognized that… 人们公认…
recognition n. 认识；认出
out of / beyond recognition 认不出来
eg: Drugs were not recognized to be / as a serious problem then.
It was recognized that this solution could only be temporary.
The book is now recognized as a classic.
6. block n. 大块；大楼；街区；一批，一组
v. 阻塞，挡住
a block of ice / concrete / stone 一大块冰 / 混凝土 / 石头
a tower block 高层建筑
an office block 办公大楼
a block of shares 一大宗股份
block off 封锁，堵住
block out 挡住，遮住
block up 塞住，封住
block…from 阻止…做…
eg: His apartment is three blocks away from the police station.
The main roads of the city have been blocked off.
The fallen trees blocked us from going into the flooded area.
注：表示“阻止…做…”的动词有：block…; (from)… / prevent…; (from)… / stop…; (from)…/ ban…; (from)…/ keep…from…
7. because of 因为；由于
because of是介词短语，后跟名词、代词或动名词；because是连词，后跟从句。
辨析because of / owing to / due to / on account of / thanks to：
这五个短语都有“由于、因为”的意思，都是介词短语，因此后面不可接从句。
1 because of意为“由于，因为”，强调因果关系，在句中一般作状语。
2 owing to与because of一样，也强调因果关系，作表语或状语。
3 due to引出造成后果的原因，在句中常作表语、状语。作状语时与owing to同义，但due to一般不置于句首。
4 on account of与because of，owing to同义，但语气较为正式。可作状语、表语。
5 thanks to只能用作状语，可以表达正面意思，“幸亏”，也可用于讽刺口吻中（近于讽刺口吻中的“感谢”）。
eg: Liu Xiang gave up the competition because of his injury.
The game was cancelled owing to heavy rain.
The team’s success was largely due to her efforts.
It was a great success — thanks to a lot of hard work.
8. come up 走近；上来；发芽；发生；被提出；（太阳、月亮等）升起
come up with 想出；提出
come about 发生
come across 穿过(路、桥)；偶遇；偶然发现(=come upon)
come along 一道来；一起去；进步；赶快
come back 回来；记起
come on (风、雨等)到来；(演员)出场；赶快；得了吧
come out 出版；出来，出现；结果是
come to 苏醒；总计；达到；谈到
eg: The daffodils are just beginning to come up.
The subject came up in conversation.
She came up with a new idea for increasing sales.
注：come up含有“被提出”之意，以物作主语，此时不用被动语态；而come up with意为“提出，想出”，其主语是人。
I came up with a proposal and it soon came up at the meeting.
9. such as 例如…；像这种的
辨析such as / for example / that is / and so on：
1 such as…用来列举事物。通常放在被列举的事物的前面以及需要说明的事物的后面，意思是“比如；诸如…之类的”，也与like互换，as后面不能有逗号。
2 for example…起到补充说明的作用，表明在众多内容中仅举一个或少数几个例子，可位于句首、句中或句末，意思是“例如…；举个例子…”。
3 that is是后面列举的事物的总量等于它前面所提到的总和，相当于namely，意思是“即，也就是说”。
4 and so on对几个事物进行列举时，在说了其中的几个以后，用…and so on进行概括，说明还有例子，但不一一列出了，意思是“…等”。
eg: Wild flowers such as orchids and primroses are becoming rare.
It is possible to combine Computer Science with other subjects, for example, Physics.
We discussed everything — when to go, what to see and so on.
10. play a role / part in 在…中担任角色；
在…中起作用
play an important role / part in 在…方面起重要作用
play the role of sb = play / act the part of sb
（在剧中）扮演某人的角色
play the leading role 起主要（带头）作用
eg: Clowns play an important role in a circus.
She plays an active part in local politics.
The media play a major role in influencing people’s opinions.
11. Today, more people speak English as their first, second or a foreign language than ever before.
1 more than + 数词，表示“超过，多于”。
2 more than + 名词，表示“不仅是，不只是”。
3 more than + 形容词 / 副词，表示“非常，十分”，与very同义。
4 more than之后接含有can的从句时，常表示否定意义。此时，从句中的谓语动词必须是及物动词，并且与句子的主语为逻辑上的动宾关系。
5 more…than…意为“与其…不如…；是…而不是…”，表示自身的比较。
6 no more than = only意为“只有，仅仅”；not more than常用于数词之前，意为“至多，不超过”，其意义相当于at（the）most。
eg: There is room for no more than three cars.
She was far more intelligent than her sister.
I’m more than happy to take you there in my car.
It had more the appearance of a deliberate crime than of an accident.
练习：
1. Spanish is the language of most Spaniards.
A. birth B. home C. native D. natural
2. Without facts, we can’t form a worthwhile opinion for we need to have factual knowledge our thinking.
A. which to be based on B. which to base upon
C. upon which to base D. to which to be based
3. A competent speaker of a language must have a (an)
of these different styles.
A. comment B. observation
C. command D. response
4. This is his only request that the room after being used.
A. be cleaned B. would be cleaned
C. is cleaned D. will be cleaned
5. The famous film star wore dark glasses so that no one would him.
A. reach B. recognize C. realize D. know
6. 多年来她努力想把她生命中的那一段经历从记忆中抹去。
Over the years she had tried to that part of her life.
7. 由于伤风，我的鼻子不通气。
My nose with this cold.
8. Dozens of the foreign visitors will have to wait another two weeks the delays in obtaining permits.
A. in case of B. in spite of
C. instead of D. because of
9. Tom, together with his classmates, because of the school rule.
A. was punished; obeying
B. were punished; breaking
C. was punished; breaking
D. were punished; obeying
10. They thought about it for a long time, but still couldn’t a solution.
A. come over B. get along with
C. come out D. come up with
11. A famous writer’s new book My New Life will
next month.
A. come across B. come out
C. come along D. come up
12. Several Chinese films are rising to international fame, ,
A. such as B. for example
C. namely D. that is
13. The part that
A. plays; is widely praised B. plays; is wide praised
C. takes; widely praised D. takes; wide praised
14. ---Anne acts quite unfriendly.
---I think she’s unfriendly.
A. more shy than B. shyer than
C. more shyer than D. shy more than
Unit 2 English around the world
1—5 CCCAB 6. block out 7. is blocked up 8—14 DCDBBAA
