Unit 4 Earthquakes
burst, ruin, injure, bury, judge, right away, at an end, a number of, It seems as if…
1. burst
n. 突然破裂；爆发
burst out 突然迸发；爆发
burst out doing sth = burst into + n. 突然…起来
be bursting to do sth 渴望，急着要做（某事）
burst in / into 闯进，突然破门而入
burst with anger / grief / joy 勃然大怒 / 心痛欲绝 / 乐不可支
eg: The excellent performance of Chinese competitors at the 29th Beijing Olympic Games caused bursts of applause.
She was bursting to tell him the good news.
The boy burst into tears on seeing the big dog.
2. ruin n. [U]毁坏；毁灭，崩溃 [C](Pl.)废墟、遗址
v. （使）破产，（使）堕落，毁灭
be in ruins 成为废墟
be the ruin of 成为…毁灭（堕落）的原因
bring sb to ruin 使某人失败；使倾家荡产
come / fall to / into ruin 毁灭；崩溃；破坏掉
ruin oneself 自取灭亡
ruin one’s health / fame 破坏某人的健康 / 名誉
eg: The bank stepped in to save the company from financial ruin.
My new shoes got ruined in the mud.
That one mistake ruined his chance of getting the job.
辨析destroy，ruin，damage，break，spoil：
1 destroy常指彻底的、不能或很难修复的“破坏、毁坏”程度较深；也可用于损坏抽象的东西，比如名誉、计划、努力、契约等。
2 ruin亦指彻底毁掉，但不含有某种摧毁性的力量进行破坏，而含有在一定的过程中逐渐毁掉的意思。
3 damage是程度较小的“破坏、损坏”，一般指被破坏的物品可以重新修复。
4 break是“破坏、打破、打碎”的意思。它表示的范围极广，程度也不一。可用于有形的东西，如石头、玻璃或瓷器等，也可用于无形、抽象的东西，如法律、沉默、魔力或习惯等。
5 spoil“破坏，糟蹋”，其重点在于破坏事物原先的结构、和谐性，使原事物不再具有原先的特点，宾语常是景致、食欲、计划等。
3. injure vt. 损害，伤害
injury n. 伤，伤口；伤害
do an injury to sb 伤害某人
injured adj. 受伤的，受委屈的
the injured 伤员
an injured look / expression 委屈的样子 / 表情
injured pride / feelings 受到伤害的自尊 / 情感
辨析wound，injure，hurt，harm：
1 wound一般指外伤，如刀伤、枪伤，尤指战争、战斗中受伤。
2 injure一般指由于意外或事故造成的损伤，其宾语常为健康、成就、容貌等，强调功能的损失。
3 hurt可以指肉体上的伤害，也可以指精神上的伤害，特指伴有疼痛的肉体上的伤害；作不及物动词时，是“痛”的意思。
4 harm用于肉体或精神上的伤害均可，有时可指引起不安或不便。
eg: One of the players injured his knee and had to be carried off.
This could seriously injure the company’s reputation.
Don’t harm your eyes by reading in dim light.
4. bury vt. 埋葬，掩埋；隐藏；使沉浸，使专心；插入，刺入
be buried alive 被活埋
bury sth in… 把…埋到…里
bury one’s face in hands 双手掩面
bury (oneself) in
eg: Their ambitions were finally dead and buried.
She buried her face in her hands and wept.
Since she left, he’s buried himself in his work.
5. judge v. 断定；判断；判决
n. 裁判员；法官；评判员
judge sb / sth from / by… 从…来判断
judge between right and wrong 判断是非
as far as I can judge 据我判断，我认为
judging by / from 从…上看，根据…判断
judgement n. 判断，审判，意见，判断力
in one’s judgement 依某人看来，按某人的看法
eg: Don’t judge a book by its cover.
Judging by / from her last letter, they are having a wonderful time.
He was one of the judges at the horse race.
注：judging from / by表示“从…上看，根据…来判断”，用在句首时，为一个独立成分，不受句子主语和时态影响，只用现在分词作状语，而不采用过去分词的形式。
6. right away 立刻，马上
表示“立刻，马上”的结构：
without delay / right now / immediately / at once / in no time / right off
辨析right away / right now：
right away“立刻，马上”，相当于at once，in no time。
right now“立即，马上；此时此刻”，后一意义比now的语气强，相当于at this very moment。
eg: I want it sent right away.
He cleaned the room right away.
He’s not in the office right now.
7. at an end 结束，终结
at the end of 在…尽头，在…末端（指时间或空间的一个终点）
by the end of 到…结束时，到…时候为止（常与完成时态连用）
bring sth to an end （使）结束，终止
come to an end 结束
make (both) ends meet 使收支相抵；靠微薄收入为生
in the end 最后，终于，最终
on end 竖着，直立着；连续地，不断地
end up 结束，告终
end in 以…结束 / 结尾
eg: The year is at an end.
The meeting came to an end.
You can try your best to impress the interviewers but in the end it’s often just a question of luck.
Their struggle ended in failure.
8. a number of 许多，大量
关于“许多”“若干”的短语：
a great / good many + 可数名词复数
a good few
quite a few
more than one
a great / large amount of + 不可数名词
quite a little
a great / large quantity of + 可数名词复数
large quantities of 或不可数名词
plenty of
eg: A number of problems have arisen.
We have had an enormous amount of help from people.
They spent a great deal of money on this project.
9. It seemed as if the world was at an end!
It seems (to sb) that / as if… （对某人来说）似乎…，as if后面可用虚拟语气
seem to be / like + n. … 似乎…，好像…
seem to be doing sth / to have done sth
好像正在做 / 已经做了某事
seem (to be) + n. / adj. 似乎是…
There seems to be… 好像有…
eg: It seems that they know what they’re doing.
It always seemed as if they would get married.
I seem to have left my book at home.
10. Thousands of families were killed and many children were left without parents.
1 …were left without parents是一个被动结构，without parents是介词短语，作主语补足语，表示主语的状态。
2 leave作使役动词，意为“（留下，剩下…）使…处于某状态”。构成的句式为：leave sth / sb + 宾补（现在分词，过去分词，不定式，介词短语，副词，形容词）。
eg: I went out and left the door unlocked.
She left me waiting in the rain for an hour.
The bomb blast left 25 people dead.
练习：
1. ---What happened?
---Oh, a bee appeared on Kate’s dress, and her sudden of cry scared us.
A. break B. burst C. attitude D. express
2. The audience waited until Shenzhou Ⅶ touched the ground and then applause.
A. burst out B. burst into
C. burst on D. burst in
3. After the earthquake, we can see the of the village.
A. ruin B. ruins C. damage D. destroy
4. This pair of shoes doesn’t fit me. My toes .
A. injure B. wound C. hurt D. harm
用injure，hurt，wound的适当形式填空：
5. How many people were in the accident?
6. What he said me deeply.
7. The soldier was in the arm.
8. deep down in the earth, the dead forests rotted away and became coal.
A. Burying B. Buried
C. To bury D. Having buried
9. I shall make my own on this matter when I see the result.
A. justice B. judgement
C. intention D. conclusion
10. he is doing an operation on the patient, please don’t disturb him.
A. Right away B. Right now
C. In no time D. At once
11. It snowed heavily for three days and we were separated from the outside world.
A. in the end B. by the end
C. on end D. at the end
12. children whose parents had died in the earthquake sent to live with families in other cities.
A. A great number of; was
B. A great number of; were
C. The great number of; was
D. The great number of; were
13. The number of students in our school about 30, 000 and them study hard.
A. is; a large amount of B. are; a number of
C. are; large amount of D. is; a large number of
14. It is said that there’s millions of camels in
of them is still increasing.
A. the number B. the amount
C. the quantity D. a number
15. Many parents died in Wenchuan earthquake,
their children orphans.
A. remaining B. keeping
C. leaving D. letting
16. 要学生买一本词典，好像也没什么不合情理。
17. 在我看来你好像没有多少选择的余地。
Unit 4 Earthquakes
1—4 BBBC 5. injured 6. hurt 7. wounded 8—15 BBBCBDAC
16. It seems reasonable to ask students to buy a dictionary.
17. It seems to me you don’t have much choice.
