Unit 2 Working the land
struggle, expand, equip, regret, reduce, rid…of, would rather, lead to, what is / was called
1. struggle
struggle to do sth 艰难地做某事；挣扎着做某事
struggle for 为…而斗争
struggle with (against) 与…作斗争；同…搏斗
struggle on 挣扎着；坚持下去
struggle to one’s feet 挣扎着站起来
eg: He has been struggling to succeed in his business.
= He has been struggling for success in his business.
It was a real struggle to be ready on time.
We’ve lost two of our best players, but we’re struggling on.
We have to struggle with / against all kinds of difficulties.
2. expand vi. 扩大；增加；增强
vt. 使变大；使增强；阐述
expand into 把…扩展（发展、膨胀）
expand on / upon 阐述；详谈
expansion n. 扩大；扩张；扩展
expansive adj. 广阔的；易扩张的；易膨胀的
辨析expand / extend / spread / stretch：
1 expand展开，扩大，不仅指尺寸的增加，还可指范围和体积的扩大。
2 extend伸出，延伸，指空间范围的扩大，以及长度、宽度的向为延伸，也可指时间的延长。
3 spread伸开，传播，一般指向四面八方扩大传播的范围，如传播（疾病）、散布（信息）等。
4 stretch伸展，拉长，一般指由曲变直、由短变长的伸展，不是加长。
eg: A child’s vocabulary expands through reading.
Why not try to expand your story into a novel?
You mentioned the need for extra funding. Would you expand on that?
3. equip v. 装备；配备
equip…with… 用…装备…
equip…for sth / to do sth 为了…而装备
well / poorly equipped 设备精良的 / 较差的
equipment n. 装备；设备（不可数名词）
a piece of equipment 一件设备
eg: We’ll have to equip our office with word processors, won’t we?
It was a modern, bright, well equipped hospital.
We want our son to have an education that will equip him for later lift.
Our school has been given some new equipment.
4. regret vt. 遗憾；惋惜
n. 遗憾；懊悔
regret doing sth 后悔做了某事
regret to do sth （常和tell，say，inform等词连用） 对将要做某事表示遗憾
regret that 遗憾…
with great / deep regret 很遗憾
to one’s regret 让某人感到遗憾的是
It is to be regretted that 使人遗憾的是
eg: If you don’t do it now, you’ll only regret it.
He bitterly regretted ever having mentioned it.
She expressed her regret at the decision.
注：regret后既可用动名词作宾语又可用不定式作宾语，但二者有一定的区别。当表示“后悔做了谋事”时应用regret doing sth（动作已做）；当表示“遗憾要去做某事”时应用regret to do sth（动作未做）。
5. reduce vt. 缩减；减少；降低；使…陷入某种更坏的状态(常用于被动语态)
be reduced to… 沦落为…
reduce sth to… 减少到…
reduce sth by… 减少了…
reduction n. 缩小；减少
make a reduction 减价
eg: He was reduced to tears / despair at the sight.
The reform has reduced us to servant of the State.
She reduced her weight by 6 kilos / to 50 kilos.
6. rid…of 摆脱；除去
get rid of 免除；摆脱
rob sb of sth 抢劫某人某物
remind sb of sth 提醒某人某事
inform sb of sth 通知某人某事
cure sb of a disease 医好某人的病
eg: You should rid yourself of that bad habit.
You are supposed to get rid of carelessness.
Please remind me of the date at this time tomorrow.
7. would rather 宁愿；宁可
would rather do 宁愿做…
would…rather than do… … / 与其…
rather than do…would… 倒不如…
would rather + 从句
过去完成时，表示过去（虚拟）
would rather have done 本来想…而未实现
I would rather you didn’t. 常用来表示委婉拒绝别人的请求
prefer to do sth rather than do sth 宁愿…也不…
eg: He would rather walk than take a bus.
Rather than refuse to help you, I would borrow money from my friends.
I would rather you went right now.
I’d rather you hadn’t told him the news that day.
8. lead to 导致；造成（后果）；通往，通向
lead sb to do sth 使某人做某事
lead / live / have a…life 过…样的生活
lead sb into 带某人进入
lead the way 引路，带路
eg: All roads lead to
What led you to think so?
The cigarette end led to the fire.
9. Dr Yuan Longping grows what is called super hybrid rice.
what is / was called或what people call / called是习惯用法，意为“所谓的；人们常说的”，相当于so-called。其中引导词what在此句中相当于“the + n. + that”结构。本句可改为Dr Yuan Longping grows the rice that is called super hybrid rice.
eg: At last, they reached what is called the New America.
He graduated from what was called a key high school.
练习：
1. We all should have confidence in ourselves in the
of life.
A. struggle B. battle C. fight D. war
2. In order to prevent the disease to other districts, the authorized organization killed thousands and thousands of cows.
A. extending B. spreading
C. expanding D. stretching
3. Your education will you to earn a good living. Work hard from now on.
A. associate B. equip C. relate D. feed
4. ---What you said made her unhappy.
---I regret that.
A. saying B. to say C. said D. to have said
5. Finally the farmer was reduced his land.
A. to sell B. to have sold
C. to selling D. selling
6. I tried various ways to (驱除厨房中的苍蝇).
7. I debt now.
现在我已经还清债务了。
8. I would rather the football match last night with my friends. Otherwise, I would have finished my pape-
rwork by now.
A. not have watched B. not watch
C. hadn’t watched D. haven’t watched
9. ---Would you rather there tomorrow?
---No, I’d rather he there instead of me.
A. to go; will go B. go; went
C. go; will go D. going; shall go
10. What led you the conclusion?
A. from B. to C. for D. in
11. Just as sound travels through the air in waves, so electricity travels through the air in radio waves.
A. what is called B. which is called
C. what it is called D. which it is called
Unit 2 Working the land
1—5 ABBAC 6. rid the kitchen of flies 7. am rid of 8—11 ABBA
