专题十：虚拟语气

考点概要

虚拟语气在状语从句与宾语从句中的用法是考试热点。

 

考点一、 虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法

1、非真实条件句:

	从  句	主  句
与现在事实相反	动词的过去式(be的过去式一般用were)	would/ should/ could/ might + 动词原形
与过去事实相反	had + 过去分词	would/ should/ could/ might + have + 过去分词
与将来事实相反	动词过去式，should + 动词原形，were to + 动词原形	would/ should/ could/ might + 动词原形

C  1. If he _____ my advice, he wouldn't have lost his job.

    A. followed   B. should follow     C. had followed    D. would follow   10湖南

D  2. Sorry, I am too busy now. If I _____ time, I would certainly go for an outing with you.

    A. have had     B. had had      C. have      D. had   12湖南

D  3. Grace doesn't want to move to New York because she thinks if she _____ there, she wouldn't be able to see her parents very often.

   A. lives       B. would live     C. having asked       D. were to live   12安徽

2、混合虚拟语气

主句和从句的时间不一致，被称为混合虚拟语气。

C  1. If only he ____quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now.

    A. lies   B. lay   C. had lain   D. should lie   00上海

C  2. Maybe if I ____ science, and not literature then, I would be able to give you more help.

    A. studied    B. would study   C. had studied     D. was studying   11北京

3、省略连词if

当从句中有助动词had, were或should时，可省略if，助动词前置。

B  1. ____ fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off.

    A. Would you be  B. Should you be  C. Could you be  D. Might you be   06湖北

C  2. What would have happened ______, as far as the river bank?

   A. Bob had walked farther             B. if Bob should walk farther

   C. had Bob walked farther              D. if Bob walked farther   01上海

4、含蓄虚拟语气

D  1. But for their help，we ____ the program in time．

    A．can not finish   B．will not finish  C．had not finished  D．could not have finished  09安徽

D  2. He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball，otherwise he ____ a goal.

    A. had scored   B. scored  C. would score  D. would have scored   01上海春考

5、由已知虚拟语气来判断事实

A  1. If the weather had been better, we could have had a picnic. But it ____ all day.

    A. rained   B. rains    C. has rained    D. is raining   08全国2

B  2. They_____ two free tickets to Canada, otherwise they'd never have been able to afford to go.

    A．had got   B．got  C．have got   D．get   07山东

B  3. --- If the traffic hadn't been so heavy, I could have been back by 6 o'clock.

       --- What a pity! Tina _____ here to see you.

   A. is      B. was  C. would be    D. has been   05湖南

 

考点二、虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法

1.在"It is important (strange，natural，necessary)that…"这类句型里，that所引导的主语从句中的谓语动词常用 “should十动词原形”结构。

B  1. ---- Don't you think it necessary that he ____ to Miami but to New York?

       ---- I agree, but the problem is ____ he has refused to.

    A. will not be sent; that          B. not be sent; that

   C. should not be sent; what     D. should not send; what    05江苏

2. 在"It is (high、about) time that …"句型中，从句的谓语动词常用一般过去式（有时也可用should +动词原形，should 不能省略），意思是"该干某事的时候了"。

D  1. Jack is a great talker. It's high time that he ____something instead of just talking.

    A. will do       B. has done      C. do      D. did    12辽宁

3. It is suggested, ordered, proposed, required, demanded, requested, insisted+ that…结构中的主语从句的谓语动词要用should 加动词原形，should 可省略。例： It is suggested that we (should) hold a meeting next week.

 

考点三、虚拟语气在宾语从句中用法

1.在动词wish后的宾语从句中

1) 表示对现在情况的虚拟:从句动词用过去式。如: I wish I knew the answer to the question.

2）表示对过去情况的虚拟:从句动词常用"had十过去分词"。如: I wish (wished) I hadn’t spent so much money.

3) 表示对将来的主观愿望:谓语动词形式为"would十动词原形"。如: I wish it would stop raining.

B  1. How I wish every family _____ a large house with a beautiful garden!

    A. has　　 B. had　　　 C. will have　　　 D. had had   02上海春考

A  2. --- Where are the children? The dinner's going to be completely ruined.

       --- I wish they_____ always late.

    A. weren't     B. hadn't been   C. wouldn't be     D. wouldn't have been   11北京

2.在suggest，demand，order，propose，insist，command，request，desire等动词后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用“should + 动词原形”。

D  1. The doctor recommended that you ____ swim after eating a large meal.

    A  wouldn't    B couldn't     C needn't     D shouldn't    09浙江

A  2. Teachers recommend parents _____ their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety.

    A. not allow    B. do not allow    C. mustn't allow    D. couldn't allow  10福建

3. 短语would rather后面的宾语从句中常用虚拟语气。表示对现在或将来情况的虚拟：从句动词用过去式。表示对过去情况的虚拟：从句动词常用"had十过去分词"。

B  1. George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but I'd rather he_______ more on its culture.

    A. focus       B. focused     C. would focus     D. had focused    10江苏

 

考点四、虚拟语气在状语从句中的用法

1.由as if或as though引导的状语从句表示比较或方式时。从句谓语形式为动词的过去式(be用were)或 “had十过去分词”。注:如果表示的事情可能会发生，那么方式状语从句中的谓语动词可用陈述语气。

D  1. Eliza remembers everything exactly as if it______ yesterday.

    A. was happening   B. happens    C. has happened    D. happened   06全国1

C  2. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it____ .

    A. breaks  B. has broken  C. were broken  D. had been broken  95全国

2. 在“If only…” 的句式中。

C  1. If only he ____quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now.

    A. lies   B. lay   C. had lain   D. should lie   00上海

 

考点五、虚拟语气在表语从句，同位语从句中的用法

在suggestion, proposal, idea, order, advice等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，即（should）+动词原形。

My idea is that we (should) get more people to attend the conference.
I make a proposal that we (should) hold a meeting next week.

C  1. The workers will go on strike if the demands they ____ put forward are turned down.

    A. could    B. would    C. 不填    D. had   06福建