下载地址：本站下载

目标认知
【重点词汇】
signal，spoil, common , solve, anyhow, type, follow, calculate, arise
【重点短语】
In a way, go by, as a result, deal with, after all, make up
【重点句型】
1. It will be+时间段+ before
2. so/such.....that..
3. There are/were times when
There was a time when ...
知识讲解
【重点词汇】
1. signal
【原句回放】
For example, I have learned to signal to my teammates in computer language to give me the ball when I a m open and have a good shot for a goal. 例如，我已经学会使用计算机信号向队友发出信号示意队友把球传给我，当我面前没人防守有机会射一个好球的时候
【点拨】signal  (v./n./adj.) 信号，暗号。
1）vt./vi.
She signaled, and the waiter brought the bill.
The whistle signaled the end of the match.
She signaled to the children to come inside.
The bell signaled that school was over.
Both sides have signaled their willingness to start negotiations.
2）n.
When she got up from the table, it was obviously the signal for us to leave.
The opinion poll is a clear signal of people's dissatisfaction with the government.
This will send the wrong signal to potential investors.
The TV channel sends / transmits signals via satellite to cable companies.
Small antennas are equipped  to receive/pick up radio signals.
3）adj.
The university has done me the signal honor of making me an Honorary Fellow.
【拓展】signal achievement/success/failure
       to give a signal  发信号
2. spoil
【原句回放】In that way, my niece will not spoil my free time and I can go out with my friends. 用那种方法，我的侄女就不会搅合我的空闲时间，我可以和朋友一块儿出去。
【点拨】spoil (n./v.) 溺爱；赃物
1）v. spoilt / spoiled
The whole park is spoiled by litter.
The new road has completely spoiled the character of the village.
The bad news has spoilt my day.
Don't spoil your appetite by eating sweets between meals.
His mother and sisters spoil him rotten (=spoil him very much) .
Everybody enjoys being spoiled from time to time.
Some kinds of food soon spoil.
2）n.
The thieves divided up the spoils.
They tried to take more than a fair share of the spoils of victory.
【拓展】spoil heaps 煤矸石堆积
3. common
【原句回放】 In pairs discuss what they have in common. 两人一组讨论一下它们有什么相同之处
【点拨】common adj. 普通的，常见的；共有的，共用的
Smith is a common name in England. 英国在Smith是个很普通的名字。
A great interest in music was common to them.. 他们对音乐都有着共同的强烈兴趣。
【短语】
1）in common (with)  ( 和 ……)一样
2）have sth. in common (with) ( 与 ……)有共同之处
They are brothers, but they have nothing in common. 他们虽是兄弟，但毫无共同之处。
In common with many people, he  prefers classical music to pop music.
和许多人一样，他喜欢古典音乐，而不喜欢流行音乐
In common with many other girls, Anne likes dancing. 和其他女孩儿一样，安妮喜欢跳舞
【拓展】
have nothing in common with 无共同之处
   have little in common with 几乎无共同之处
   have something in common with 有一些共同之处
   have a lot common with   有许多共同之处
【词语辨析】common/ordinary/usual/general
它们均有“普通的，常见的”的意思。
1）common 侧重于“普遍；常见”，指许多事物或人共同具有而常见的性质。
They can treat most of the common diseases. 他 们可以治疗大部分常见的病
2）ordinary 侧重于表示“平常；平凡；无奇特之处”
That morning he came earlier than usual, for it was not an ordinary day.
那天早上他起得比平常早，因为那天是一个不寻常的日子。
3）usual 指从时间和频度上讲通常发生的事情或一种习惯。
Tea is considered to be the usual drink of British people 茶被认为是英国人的日常饮料。
4）general 表示在大多数人或物中流行并受到关注，还有“总体的，概括的”的意思
general knowledge 一般知识
4. solve
【原句回放】In 1936 my real father, Alan Turing, wrote a book about how I could be made to work as a “universal machine” to solve any difficult mathematical problem.(L11) 1936年我的父亲艾伦。图灵写了一本书，讲述了怎样使我成为一台“通用机器”来解决数学难题。
【点拨】solve. v. 解决, 解答
This problem is too difficult for me to solve. 这个问题太难解决不了
He’s good at solving crossword puzzles 他善于解答纵横字谜。
With the help of his friends , he finally solved the problem.在朋友的帮助下，他终于解决了这个问题
【拓展】solution  n. 解答；解决(办法)
a solution to the problem  问题的解决方法
5. anyhow
【原句回放】Anyhow, my goal is to provide humans with a life of high quality. (L32) 不管怎样，我的目标是给人类提供高质量的生活。
【点拨】anyhow = anyway不管怎样.
Anyhow , it’s worth trying. 不管怎样，这事值得一试。（句首）
It may rain, but we’ll go anyhow. 也许会下雨，但我们无论如何都要去。（句末）
I shall go and see him anyway. 不管怎么我都要去 看他的。
I’m going to do it anyway. 无论如何我都会做这件事儿
Anyway I must finish the work today. 不管怎样我必须今天完成这项工作
6. type
【原句回放】They had developed new type of  program just before the competition 他们恰在比赛前研制了一种新程序。
【点拨】type.
1）n. 类型
This is a new type of machine, with lots of meters on it. 这是一种新型的机器, 上面有许多仪表。
2）v. 打字
Will you please type this letter for me? 你帮我打一下这封信好吗?
【词语辨析】type/kind
1）type 表示各项事物在本类中都是典型的。
2）kind特指在分类中能放在一起的性质相同且相似的一类事物。
7. follow
【原句回放】I followed instructions from cards with holes. 我遵照有洞的卡片的要求去做。
【点拨】follow. v.跟随；沿着；听懂；遵循；听从
follow one’s instructions  执行(某人的)指令
Follow this road, and you'll get there. 沿着这条路走，你就会到那儿。
I'm sorry I don't quite follow you. 对不起，我不太明白你的意思
You should follow the rules of the lab when you are doing experiment.
你们做实验时，就应该遵守实验室的规则
You go first, then I’ll follow you 你先走，我随后就到
If you follow my advice and study hard, you will pass the exam.
如果你听从我的劝告而努力学习，你考试就能及格。
【拓展】
follow the customs of 遵从---的习俗
   with sb. followed  某人紧随其后 `
8. calculate
【原句回放】I began as a calculating machine in France in 1642. 1642年我在法国诞生时是一台计算机
【点拨】calculate. vt. 计算，估计
He hasn’t calculate the result.他还没有计算出结果。
The scientist couldn’t calculate when the spaceship would reach the moon.
这位科学家不能计算出宇宙飞船何时到达月球。
This huge computer calculates very quickly. 这台巨型计算机的计算速度非常快。
Did he calculate the cost? 他有没有估计费用？
Let’s calculate what it will cost. 让我们估计一下那要花多少钱。
【短语】
be calculated for 打算，为适合。。。而设计
calculate on / upon 依靠，指望
【拓展】
calculable  adj.可估计的，可计算的
calculating. adj. 有心计的，精明的
calculation  n 计算；估计，推测
calculator  n 计算器
calculated  adj. 精心策划的；蓄意的
9. personally
【原句回放】Personally, I think the team that won first place cheated 我认为赢得第一的那个队作弊了
【点拨】personally adv. 就自己而言; 就我个人来说
She didn’t like the plan, but personally
I see nothing wrong with it. 她不喜欢这项计划, 但我本人觉得没什么不好的。
【拓展】
person (n)--personal (adj.)--personally (adv)
person  n 人
personal  adj. 私人的，个人的，亲自的
personally  adv.亲自，个人认为
personally speaking  我个人认为，以我的看法来说
generally speaking  一般而言
frankly speaking  坦率地说
10. arise
【原句回放】Then she prepares reliable moves to use if a new situation arises. 然后她把我在新情况下能用得上的可靠动作准备好。
【点拨】arise (arose，arisen)  vi. 出现；发生
Accidents arise from carelessness.事故由粗心大意引起。
New difficulties will arise from such situation. 那种状况将会产生新的难题。
I thought it would be easy，but a lot of problems have arisen.
我本来想事情会很容易，但是出现了许多问题。
A great idea arose in her mind. 一个好主意浮现在她的脑海中
【词语辨析】arise/arouse/rise/raise
The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 太阳从东方升起西方落下。
The price of wheat has risen/has been raised since the last summer.
自从去年夏天以来，麦子的价格已经涨了/被涨上来了
 
【重点短语】
1. in a way
【原句回放】In a way, my programmer is like my coach. 从某种程度上看，我们的程序员就像是我们的教练
【点拨】in a/one way 在某种程度上, 从某种意义上说
In a way, his English has improved. 从某种程度上来说, 他的英语有进步。
【拓展】
in the way                        
on the/one’s way (to)   在去---的路上
by the way   顺便提一下    
in no way   决不
all the way   自始自终;完全地
in this way   用这种方法
【拓展】
与in a way同义的词组有in one way 和in some ways。容易与之混淆的词组是in the way意为“造成阻碍”，请比较：
In a way, I like this new textbook very much．从某种程度上说, 我很喜欢这本新教材。   
   I’m afraid your bike is in the way．看来你的自行车挡着道了。
2. go by
【原句回放】As time went by , I was made smaller。随着时间额推移，我变得比较小了。
【点拨】go by经过(某地)；(时间)过去；(机会等)失去；遵循，依据---办事  go by = pass
A car went by at full speed. 一辆汽车全速驶过。
The weeks went slowly by. 一星期一星期慢慢地过去了。
Don't l et this chance go by. 不要错失这 次机会。
That is a good rule to go by. 那是需要遵守的好规章。
【拓展】
1）pass by 意为“从---旁边经过”。go on 表示“进展；进行情况”有时也可以表示时间的过去（侧重于过程）。
2）go by 也可意为“按。。。行事，从。。。来看”
3）go by the rules 按规定办事
4）go by looks  根据表情判断
3. as a result
【原句回放】As a result, I totally  changed my shape. 结果，我完全改变了我的形状
【点拨】as a result 结果，因此。
It doesn’t often rain in summer. As a result, we have to water the vegetable garden.
这儿夏天不常下雨，因此，我们不得不给菜园浇水。
As a result of the accident ,he became lame. 因为这次事故，他瘸了。
【词语辨析】as a result/ as a result of
1）as a result (=therefore )  “因此”，后面的句子表示结果。
2）as a result of (=because of) “ 因为”，后接名词，代词，动名词，表示原因。
He got up late.  As a result, he was late for the class.
He was late for the class as a result of getting up late.
【拓展】result from .由。。。导致；源于。。。
result in …导致。。。
Success results from hard work. 成功来自努力。
Hard work results in success. 努力终会成功。
4. deal with
【原句回放】This means that it should clean the house, mop the floors, cook the dinner and deal with telephone calls. 这就意味着它可以打扫房间，擦地板，做饭以及接电话。
【点拨】deal with 
1）处理,解决,安排
We must deal with this problem as soon as possible.
2）对待,对付,宾语是人
Deal with a man as he deals with you
3）谈论，涉及
The book deals with the questions of maths
【拓展】 比较deal with与do with的用法：
What will you do with these green apples? 你用这些青苹果做什么？
I don’t know how to deal with these boring  problems. 我不知道如何处理这些烦人的问题。
1）do with的do是及物动词中，表示如何“处置”，常与what连用，what是do的宾语；
2）而deal with中的deal是不及物动词，表示如何应付或安排什么，常用how，how是deal w ith的状语。
那位新老师不知道如何对待班上的学生。
The new teacher didn’t know how to deal with the students in the class.
她不知应该如何处理她父亲留下的东西。
She didn’t know what to do with the things her father had left.
5. after all　　
【原句回放】 After all, with the help of my computer brain which never forgets anything, intelligence is what I’m all about. (p23, line 18) 不管怎样，在我过目不忘的电子脑的帮助下，运用智能就是我的一切。
【点拨】after all
1）终究； 毕竟
I know he hasn't finished the work, but after all, he's done his best.
我知道他没有完成工作，但是毕竟他已经尽力了。
2）尽管
After all our advice, he insists on going. 尽管我们建议了，但是他仍然坚持执行。
【拓展】all组成的其它重点短语
above/ beyond all 最重要的是，首先；尤其是，特别是
at all 完全，全然；究竟；竟然；在任何程度上
I didn't enjoy it at all. 我一点都不喜欢它。
first of all 首先
in all 总计；总的说来
There were twelve of us in all for dinner. 我们一共12人去用餐
worst of all 最最/特别/最糟糕的是
Not at all. 一点也不；根本不；哪儿的话；别客气；没有什么。
That's all. 没有别的了；完了；没了别的办法。
6. make up
【原句回放】In this way, I can make up new moves. (p23, line 16) 这样我就可以编制出新的动作
【点拨】make up
1）化妆
She spent an hour making (herself) up before the party. 她花了一个小时的时间来给自己化妆。
2）形成、 构成或组成
What are the qualities that make up her character? 她的人物性格是什么？
3）将几种东西放在一起
She made up a basket of food for the picnic. 她把野餐的食物都放在篮子里了。
4）铺（床）；支起（临时床）
We made up the bed in the spare room for our guest. 我们在空房间为客人支起临时的床。
5）捏造、虚构某事（尤指为欺骗某人）
I couldn't remember a story to tell the children, so I made one up as I went along.
我不记得讲给小朋友的故事了，所以我编造了一个。
6）与某人和解或和好
Has he made it up with her yet? 他已经和她和好了。
【拓展】
1）be made up of... 作“由……组成的”解， 是被动形式。
This team is made up of ten players. 这个队伍是由10个队员组成。
2）be made of 意为“由……做成”，该短语指成品中可以看出原材料。
These bottles are made of glass. 这些瓶子是由玻璃制成。
3）be made from 意为“由……做成”，指成品制成后，已看不出原材料。
Gas is made from coal. 天然气是由煤制成。
4）be made into意为“被做成……”，该短词指某种原料制成某种成品。
Stone can be made into bridges. 石头可以被制成桥。
5）be made in意为“在……制造”，强调产地。
This kind of watch is made in China. 这种表是在中国制造。
6）be made by意为“由……制造” 强调动作发出者。
This kind of TV set is made by the factory . 这种电视是由这个厂家制造。

【重点句型】
1. It will be+时间段+ before    
【原句回放】I developed very slowly and it took nearly two hundred years before I was built as an analytical machine by Charles Babbage. 我发育缓慢，差不多到了两百年之后，查尔斯。巴比奇才把我制成了一台分析机。
【点拨】It will be+时间段+ before     ……之后才……
It will be five years before we could meet again. 要五年之后我们才能相见
It will be not long before   ……不久就……
It is not long before class comes to an end. 不久就要下课了！
How long it will be before class comes to an end. 什么时候才下课？
It’ll be three weeks before he comes back. 要过三周他才回来
He became angry before I could explain to him 我还没来得及向他解释，他就生气了。
2. so/such…that…
【原句回放】And my memory became so large that even I couldn’t believe it. 我的存储容量变得如此巨大，连我自己都不能相信
【点拨】so...that...结果是，以至于……，so是副词，后面要跟形容词或副词，其用法如下：
 
The problem is so difficult that nobody can work it out. 这道题太难，没有一个人能解出来。
It was so hot a day that nobody wanted to do anything.(＝It was such a hot day that nobody wanted to do anything.) 天气如此热，谁也不想干活。
There are so many people in the street that I can’t get through. 街上有这么多人我过不去。
I had so little money that I was unable to buy anything. 
Tom had so much homework to do that he had to go to bed late in the evening.
I have had so many falls that I am black and blue all over.
【拓展】
 
He caught such a bad cold that he coughed day and night. 他得了重感冒以致日夜咳嗽。
It was such fine weather that we had a picnic together. 天气那么好我们一起去野餐了。
（2）当so.../such...放在句首时，主句要用部分倒装。
So fast did the teacher speak that I couldn’t follow him.(The teacher spoke so fast that I could not follow him.) 那个老师说得太快，我听不懂。
3. There are/were times when…
There was a time when ...
【点拨】
1）There are/were times when…有段时期……；有时常会……
2）There was a time when ... 曾经一度……;有一段时间…… [来源:Zxxk.Com]
There are times when I don't know what to do. 有时我不知道做什么
There was a time when the star was popular with the young people.
曾经有段时间这个 明星很受年轻人欢迎。
【拓展】
at one time过去曾经，一度”，用于一般过去时态
at a time   “一次，每次”或“在某个时候”
at times    “有时，不时”，相当于from time to time或sometimes
Take two pills at a time 一次吃两片药
At one time women were looked down upon.过去曾经妇女被看不起
He receives letters from his parents at times 他不时地能收到父母的来信
At one time they were good friends.他们曾经是好朋友