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目标认知
【重点词汇】
slightly, border, scenery，surround，measure，aboard，settle，manage，within，confirm，around，distance，downtown，approximately， impress
【重点短语】
catch sight of，rather than，as well as，have a gift for，as far as，look over
【重点句型】
1）“代词+现在分词”构成的独立主格结构
2）“not… until…” 句式

知识讲解
【重点词汇】
1. slightly
【原句回放】…, and that Canada’s population is only slightly over thirty million, but now they were amazed to see such an empty country.
【点拨】slightly  (adv.) 轻微地；稍微
The number of passengers by this line fell off slightly in January.
一月份这条航线的乘客数量略有减少。
This one is slightly better than that.这一个比那个稍好一点。
【拓展】slight (adj.) 微小的，轻微的，微不足道的；不结实的，纤弱的；脆弱的
I have a slight cold. 我患了轻微的感冒。
The wind seemed to lift her slight body. 风似乎要把她瘦弱的身体吹起来。
2. border
【原句回放】At school, they had learned that most Canadians live within a few hundred kilometres of the USA border,…
【点拨】border (n.)边界；国界；边沿 ；(vt.&vi.)与……接壤；接近
a border town 边境城市
the border of the lake 湖边
on the border of 将要；接近于；在……的边界上
border on sth. 接近某物，毗邻某物；几乎与……接近；近似
【词汇辨析】border, boundary, frontier
1）border“边境，边界”，常指沿两国边界的地区。
The town lies on the border between the U．S. and Mexico.该镇位于美国和墨西哥交界处。
2）boundary“边界线，分界线”，常指分隔两国的天然的山脉、河流等界线。
The mountain is the boundary between the U．S. and Canada.这座山是美国和加拿大的分界线。
3）frontier“边疆，国境”，指一个国家的边界，还可指领域，指领域时要用复数形式。
Troops established a road block on the frontier. 部队在边境设立了路障。
3. scenery
【原句回放】You’re going to see some great scenery(P34)你们沿途将会看到美丽壮阔的风景。
【点拨】 scenery n．风景，景色
【易混辨析】scenery/scene/view/sight/landscape
1）scene指展现在眼前的情景，也可以指scenery的一部分，大多包括景物中的人及活动在内。如：The scene after the earthquake was horrible.地震后的场景十分可怕。
a beautiful mountain scene in front of the guest house.
They stood there，gazing the happy scene of children playing in the park．
   他们站在那里，注视着孩子们在公园里玩耍的欢乐场景。
2）scenery指某地总的自然风景或景色，尤指美丽的乡间景色。如：
The scenery as one travels by boat along the Changjiang Three Gorges is marvellous.
坐船游览长江三峡的时候，两岸的风景美不胜收。
Each year，we spend our vacation in the mountains and enjoy the scenery．
   我们每年都到山区度假，并欣赏那里的风景。
3）sight则既可以指场景、眼前看到的景观，又可以指名胜、风景，只是在表示后者的含义时，必须要用复数。如：a sad sight悲惨的场景see the historical sights of London游览伦敦的名胜古迹。它与view或者scenery最大的不同就在于当sight指景物时，多指某的特有的名胜。
4）view常指从远处或高处看到的scenery的一部分，有时可与scene互换。如：
The mountain hotel offered magnificent views.从山间旅行社可以看到壮丽的景观。
The lantern slides show scene of the beach.幻灯片显示出海滩的景色。
Our house has a view of the park．我们的房子可以看到公园的景色。
5）landscape(陆地或野外)风景，景色；风景画。
   The landscape seen from the mountains is green and beautiful．
在群山之巅看到的是一片美丽的绿色。
4. surround
【原句回放】People say it is Canada’s most beautiful city，surrounded by mountains and the Pacific Ocean．(P34)人们说温哥华是加拿大最美丽的城市。被大山和太平洋环抱。
【点拨】 surround vt. & vi. 包围，环绕
They surrounded the town with troops．他们出动军队包围了该城。
   The house was surrounded by high walls．房子的四周有高墙。
【拓展】
1）surrounding adj. 周围的，附近的
2）surroundings n. 周围的事物，环境
York and the surrounding countryside. 约克城及其近郊
   Animals in zoos are not in their natural surroundings．
   动物园中的动物没有在自然环境中(生活)。
5. measure
【原句回放】It is so wet there that the trees are extremely tall，some measuring over 90 meters．(P34)那儿的湿度很大，所以树都长得特别高。一些高达90多米。
【点拨】 measure
1）v. 估计，衡量
sb. measure sth. 某人测量某物
sth. measures... 某物尺寸是……
measure one’s ability 衡量/判定某人的能力
2）n. 尺寸，措施
take a person’s measure量某人的尺寸；判断某人的性格/能力
make clothes to one’s own measure量体裁衣
take measures to do sth．采取措施做某事
6. aboard
【原句回放】That afternoon aboard the train，the cousins settled down in their seats．(P34)那天下午表姐妹俩登上火车落座了。
【点拨】 aboard prep. & adv. 在车/飞机/轮船上
go/climb aboard 上船/飞机/车
   Welcome aboard! 欢迎(乘坐这艘船/架飞机/辆车)!
   All aboard! 请各位上船/飞机/车!
   He was already aboard the ship．他已经上船了。
【拓展】board vt. 上(车、船、飞机)
   board the plane上飞机
【易混辨析】abroad/broad
1）abroad adv. & adj. 国外的go abroad出国
2）broad adj. 宽阔的
7. settle
【原句回放】That afternoon aboard the train，the cousins settled down in their seats．(P34)那天下午表姐妹俩登上火车落座了。
【点拨】settle v. 定居，处理，(使)平静
   He settled near the coast．他在海边安家。
  The baby wouldn’t settle．婴儿安静不下来。
  She settled down in an armchair to read her book．她舒适地坐在单座沙发上看书。
   When are you going to get married and settle down? 你打算什么时候成家安定下来?
   I managed to settle him down．我设法让他安定了下来。
【拓展】
1）settle down定居，(使)安顿下来；舒适地坐下(或躺下)
2）settle down to sth. 专心于/开始注意某事物
8. manage
【原句回放】... they managed to catch sight of some mountain goats and even a grizzly bear and an eagle．(P34)……她们设法看到了一些野山羊，甚至还看到了一只大灰熊和一只鹰。
【点拨】 manage  v.
1）管理，经营
manage a shop/business管理商店/企业
2）设法做 manage to do
   I can manage it．我能行。
【拓展】
manager  n. 经理
   management  n. 管理
manageable  adj. 易管理的
9. within
【原句回放】At school，they had learned that most Canadians live within a few hundred kilometers of the USA border，and that Canada’s population is only slightly over thirty million，but now they were amazed to see such an empty country．(P34)她们在学校学过，大多数加拿大人居住在靠近美国几百千米以内的边境地带，加拿大的人口也只有3，000万多一点儿。但现在看到这么空旷的国家，她们很惊讶。
【点拨】 within  prep. 在……(范围)之内
【常用结构】
1）within an hour在一小时之内
2）within one’s ability某人力所能及的
3）live within one’s income量入为出
4）within(the)reach of sb. ＝ within one’s reach在某人的触及范围内
She returned within an hour．她不到一小时就回来了。
He finds it hard to live within his income．他觉得有些入不敷出。
10. confirm
【原句回放】... there was frost on the ground，confirming that fall had arrived in Canada．(P38)……地面覆盖上了一层薄霜，表明秋天已经来到了加拿大。
【点拨】 confirm vt. 批准，证实
Please write t0 confirm your reservation．请来信确认您的预订。
   He looked around to confirm that he was alone．他四处张望，以确定周围没人。
   The new minister will be confirmed in office by the Queen．新的部长将由女王批准任职
 【拓展】
1）confirm sth. /that...  证实……
2）confirm me in my belief  使我坚信我的信仰
3）confirm sb. as + 职务   某人作为……被批准
11. around
【原句回放】Around noon they arrived in Toronto，the biggest and most wealthy city in Canada．(P38)中午时分，她们来到多伦多——加拿大最大、最富有的城市。
【点拨】around  prep. 大约
See you at around 7:30．七点半左右见。
   It happened around 10 years ago．那是大约在十年前发生的事。
【拓展】
1）around the clock昼夜不停地
2）around the comer在附近，即将来临
12. distance
【原句回放】In the distance，they could see the misty cloud that rose from the great Niagara Falls，which is on the south side of the lake．(P38)远处，她们可以看到湖的南边尼亚加拉大瀑布上方腾着的雾霭。
【点拨】distance n. 距离；远方
【常用结构】
1）at a distance/in the distance在远处
2）a distance of 2 feet两英尺远的距离
3）keep one’s distance保持疏远
【拓展】
1）distance  vt. 使疏远    distance sb．疏远某人
2）distant adj. 远处的
That stupid quarrel has distanced us．那一场无谓的争吵使我们的关系疏远了。
13. downtown
【原句回放】They met Lin Fei around dusk in downtown Chinatown，one of the three in Toronto．(P38)大约黄昏时分，她们在市区的中国城见到了林菲，这是多伦多的三个中国城中的一个。
【点拨】 downtown  adv. & adj. 在市区；市区的
【常用结构】
1）go/move/live downtown 前往/搬往/住在市区
2）in downtown Manhattan在曼哈顿市区
   Did you see the art exhibition downtown? 你看了市区的美术展览了吗?
14. approximately
【原句回放】It’s approximately four hundred kilometres northeast of Toronto，so... (P38)它在多伦多东北方约400千米，所以……
【点拨】 approximately adv．大约，接近
There were approximately fifty people there．那里大约有五十个人。
【拓展】
1）approximate adj. 近似的；大约的，大概的
2）approximation n．近似；大概
3）approximate(vi.) to (＝be almost the same as)接近；近似
That is a very close approximation to the truth．那非常接近事实真相。
15. impress
【原句回放】What impressed you?(P39)什么给了你深刻印象?
【点拨】impress vt．使印象深刻；使铭记
【常用结构】
1）impress sb. with sth. 以……给某人留下印象
2）impress sth. on/upon sb．使意识到(重要性或严重性等)
   The scenery is strongly impressed on my mind．(主语是物)
 ＝I’m strongly impressed with the scenery．(主语是人) 这道风景给我留下了深刻的印象。
【拓展】 impression n. 印象
1）make/create a good/bad impression on sb. 给某人留下好/坏印象
2）give a good/bad impression to sb. 给某人留下好/坏印象
3）under the impression of/that... 有……印象
   She gives the impression of being very busy．她给人的印象是特别忙。
【温馨提示】impressive adj. 给人深刻印象的，感人的

[重点短语]
1. catch sight of
【原句回放】．... they managed to catch sight of some mountain goats and even a grizzly bear and an eagle．(P34)……她们设法看到了一些野山羊，甚至还看到了一只大灰熊和一只鹰。
【点拨】sight n. 视力，视野
He has very good sight．他视力很好。
   Get out of my sight! 离开我的视线!
【拓展】sight相关短语：
lose sight of看不见
at first sight乍一看，初看起来
in sight可见的；在视野内
out of sight看不到的
short-sighted近视的
long-sighted远视的
2. rather than
【原句回放】Rather than take the aero-plane all the way，they decided to fly to Vancouver...(P34)她们不想一路乘飞机，她们决定先飞到温哥华……
【点拨】rather than与其，不愿
1）连接两个平行结构
2）前面有to do时，其后用(to) do
3）位于句首时，后接do
It is a telex rather than a letter．与其说它是一封信，不如说它是一封电传。
I decided to write rather than(to) telephone．我决定写信而不打电话。
   Rather than risk breaking up his marriage，he told his wife everything．
   他唯恐婚姻破裂，把一切都告诉了妻子。
【拓展】
1）prefer to do rather than do / would rather do than do宁可……也不愿……
2）other than除了
3）or rather或者更确切地说
4）more than不仅，多于
3. as well as
【原句回放】Going eastward，you’ll pass mountains and thousands of lakes and forests，as well as wide rivers and large cities．(P34)一路向东行，你们会经过一座座山脉，上千个湖泊、森林，还有宽阔的河流和许多大城市。
【点拨】 as well as
1）和……一样好
He writes as well as Li Ming．他写字和李明一样好。
2）用作介词，意为“以及，还有”，相当于besides。
The girl is lively as well as clever．这女孩既聪明又活泼。
   I have a few English books as well as this．除了这本书外，我还有一些英语书。
   I have heard from Comrade Wang as well as from Comrade Li．
   我不但收到了李同志的信，而且收到了王同志的信。
3）除接名词外，还可接动名词。
   He translated four novels as well as writing ten papers．
   除写了十篇论文外，他还翻译了四本小说。
【拓展】
1）as well as连接两个并列成分作主语时，句子的谓语动词应与其前的那个名词或代词的人称和数一致。
2）连接两个动词不定式时，如果第一个带to，第二个就不带to。
3）as well as...not 前后都否定；not…as well as只否定前面。
【温馨提示】both...and... 不可与as well as连用。
我父亲和我母亲都对音乐非常感兴趣。
(×)Both my father and as well as my mother are very interested in music．
(√)Both my father and my mother are very interested in music．
 4. have a gift for
 【原句回放】Many of them have a gift for riding wild horses and can win thousands of dollars in prizes．(P34)他们当中的许多人都有骑马的才能，他们能赢得几千美元的奖金。
 【点拨】have a gift for对……有天赋
    You have a marvelous gift for science．你有科学方面的非凡天赋。
    You have a surprising gift for seeing into people’s minds．你有惊人的才能，能看出别人的心思。
【拓展】
gift  n. 才华，天赋
gifted adj. 有天赋的，有才华的
be gifted with被赋予……
a man of many girls多才多艺的人
a gifted boy一个有天赋的男孩
He was gifted with a good voice．他天生嗓音好。
【温馨提示】
   nature n. 天性，秉性
   He has a good nature．他秉性很好。
5. as far as 
【原句回放】It’s too bad you can’t go as far as Ottawa，Canada’s capital．(P38)很可惜你们不能一直走到加拿大的首都渥太华。
【点拨】 as far as远及；一直到
I can see as far as the sea．我能看到远及大海。
His parents supported him as far as they could．他父母竭尽全力供养他。
As far as I am concerned，I’m not against your plan．就我而言，我并不反对你的计划。
As far as I could remember．I did return him the money．就我所能记得的，我确实把钱还给他了。
【拓展】
As/So far as I know... 据我所知……
   So far... (于句首，且不能用As far)迄今为止
   As far as sb. be concerned在某人看来
6. look over
【原句回放】As they sat in a buffet restaurant looking over the broad St Lawrence River，a young man sat down with them．(P38)当她们坐在便餐馆里眺望广阔的圣劳伦斯河时，一个年轻人坐在了她们的身边。
【点拨】 look over从……上方看过去；检查
look over the house检查这所房子
   look over his shoulder从他肩膀上方看过去
【拓展】look的相关短语：
   look on...as 把……看做……
   look into 调查，研究
   look after 照看
   look back upon 回想；回顾
   look down on/upon 看不起
   look for 寻找
   look forward to 盼望
   look out 查出，找出；向外看；当心
   look up 查找，好转，向上看
   look up to…as 尊……为……
look through 浏览，审核

【重点句型】
1. “代词+现在分词”构成的独立主格结构
【原句回放】It is so wet there that the trees are extremely tall , some measuring over 90 meters.那里很湿润，所以树长的特别高，有些高90米。
【点拨】句中的that the trees are extremely tall 是结果状语从句，与前面的so 构成so…that…结构。some measuring over 90 meters 属于“代词+现在分词”构成的独立主格结构。独立主格结构相当于一个状语从句，常用来表示时间、原因、条件、方式、伴随等情况。其构成形式如下：
1）名词/代词 + 现在分词（表示主动或正在进行）
2）名词/代词 + 过去分词（表示被动或已完成）
3）名词/代词 + 不定式（表示将要发生的动作，常位于句首或句末）
4）名词/代词 + 形容词/副词（常用来说明名词或代词的性质或所处状态）
5）名词/代词 + 介词短语（常用来说明名词或代词的性质或所处状态）
Winter coming, it gets colder and colder. 冬天来了，天气越来越冷了。
More time given, we should done it much better. 如果给我们更多的时间，我们会做得更好。
Here are the first two volumes, the third one to come out next month.
这是前两卷，第三卷将于下个月出版。
The huntsman entered the forest, gun in hand.
那位猎人拿着枪进了树林。（不可以说a gun in hand 或gun in his hand）
2. “not… until…” 句式
【原句回放】They were not leaving for Montreal until later, so they went on a tour of the city. 她们要晚些时候才能去蒙特利尔，因此就在多伦多室内游览了一番。
【点拨】本句包含“not… until” 句式，该句中until 为介词，其后一般接表示时间的名词或名词性词组。此外，until 还可做连词，引导时间状语从句。现将until的用法归纳如下：
1）与否定词not 连用，表示“直到……才……”，句子/主句谓语动词一般为非延续性动词或be动词。如：
Don’t get off the bus until it stops.车停稳再下车。
2）用语肯定句表示“直到……为止”， 句子/主句谓语动词一般为延续性动词。如：
He worked until his boss came back. 他一直工作到老板回来。
3）not until 引导的从句放在句首时，主句要部分倒装。如：
Not until I came back did she go away. 直到我回来她才离开。