Ⅰ 阅读部分

 

【知识点精讲】

1. survive  

(1) v.“幸存，生还”   eg: Only 12 of the 140 passengers survived.

(2) vi.“生存，存活”   eg: I don’t know how you all manage to survive on Jack’s salary.

(3) vt.“比(某人)长寿”     eg: Harry survived his wife by three months.

2. amazing

(1) adj. “令人吃惊的”  eg: Frederick William Ⅰ, the King of Prussia, could never have imagined that his greatest gift to the Russian people would have such an amazing history.

(2) amaze  v.“使大为惊奇”  eg: Dave amazed his friends by suddenly getting married.

(3) amazed  adj.“感到惊奇的”  eg: We were amazed at his rapid recovery.

3. select  

(1) vt.“挑选”   eg: The amber which was selected had a beautiful yellow-brown colour like honey.

(2) adj.“挑选的”  eg: The information was only given to a select group of reporters.

4. design  

(1) n.“设计，图案”   eg: The design of the room was in the fancy style popular in those days.

(2) v.“设计，计划”   be designed for…“打算给……用”  eg: The coursebooks are designed for the students.

  be designed to do“为了做……而设计” eg: These exercises are designed to develop and strengthen muscles.

5. fancy  

(1) adj.“奇特的，异样的”   eg: That is a very fancy pair of shoes!

(2) vt.“想象；设想”  

fancy sth / sb (to be) sth / sb或 fancy sth / sb as sth / sb“想象……”eg: I can’t fancy him as (to be) an actor.

 fancy doing sth“想要，想做”   eg: Do you fancy going out this evening?

6. decorate  

(1) v.“装饰，装修”eg: It was also a treasure decorated with gold and jewels, which took the country’s best artists about ten years to make.

  decorate sth with“用……装饰”  eg: We decorated the Christmas trees with tinsel and lights.

7. troop  

(1) n. “群，大群”   eg: In return, the Czar sent him a troop of his best soldiers.

    “军队，部队”(常用复数形式)  eg: The troops were drawn up and ready for inspection.

(2) v. “成群结队地移动”  eg: Children trooped out of school.

8. reception  n.  

(1) “接待”    eg: They gave the Prime Minister a cool reception.

(2) “接收；欢迎”  eg: Reception of TV programmes is unsatisfactory here.

9. wonder

 (1) n. “奇迹”  eg: The Great Wall is one of the wonders in the world.

     “惊奇，怀疑”   eg: The sight of the Taj Mahal filled us with wonder.

(2) v. “对……感到惊奇；想知道”   eg: Sometimes I wonder about his behaviour.

   It’s a wonder that…“难得 / 奇怪的是……”    

It’s no wonder that…“难怪……”     

wonder at / about“对……感到奇怪 / 惊讶”

10. doubt  

(1) n.“疑问，怀疑”   eg: There’s no doubt that he will win the match.

(2) vt. “怀疑，不确信”(在否定句及疑问句中跟that引导的从句)  eg: I don’t doubt that he is telling the truth.

       “怀疑，不确信”(在肯定句中跟whether或if引导的从句)  eg: I doubt whether he will come.

11. remove   vt.

(1) “搬开，搬走”   eg: Let’s remove the cloth from the table.

(2) “开除，免职”   eg: The governor was removed from office, pending an investigation.

(3) “迁移，移居”   eg: They have removed into a new house.

(4) “脱掉，摘掉”   eg: He removed his hat and gloves.

12. in search of (= to look for)“寻找”  eg: They all started off at once in search of the missing boy.

  in search for“寻找”     eg: They went out to Australia in search for gold.

  search for“搜寻，寻找”    eg: For a whole day she searched for the missing child.

  search a place for sth / sb“在某地搜寻某物或某人” eg: We searched the woods for the lost girl

13. belong to

“属于”  eg: The book belongs to you.

  belong to不用于进行时态和被动语态，但也用belonging to作后置定语  

eg: The garden belonging to me is large.

14. in return

“作为报答，作为回赠”   eg: She gave us food and clothing and asked for nothing in return.

   in return for“作为……的回报 / 交换”  eg: I’d like to invite you a meal in return for all your hospitality.

15. serve as

“充当，适合作……用”   eg: The old couch had to serve as a guest bed.

 “担任”   eg: Martin served as ambassador to Burma in the 1960s.

  serve in“供职，服兵役”   eg: He returned to Greece to serve in the army.

16. at war

“处于交战状态”   eg: This was a time when the two countries were at war.

  go to war“开战”；

declare war“宣战”；

fight a war“打仗”

17. less than

“不到，少于”，它是形容词或副词的比较级结构，修饰名词、形容词、副词或动词，用以加强语气。   

eg: It took less than one year to build this monument. (修饰名词)

      Doctors have been less than successful in treating this condition. (修饰形容词)

      The baby ate less than it should. (修饰动词)

more than“多于，不仅仅，非常”   eg: More than 100 people attended the meeting.

  not more than“不超过”  eg: The boy is not more than five years old.

  no more than“仅仅”    eg: He is no more than a child after all.

18. Frederick William Ⅰ, the King of Prussia, could never have imagined that his greatest gift to the Russian people would have such an amazing history.

(1) could never have imagined意为“当时绝对不可能想到”，表示对过去情况的推测。could也可以用can 替换，但can 主要用于疑问句和否定句中， could可用于各种时态，并且比can语气委婉。

eg: He could not have done such a stupid thing last night.

(2) such an amazing history意为“这样一段令人惊讶的历史”，此处的such是形容词，意为“这样的，那样的”。such与形容词一起作名词的定语时，其结构为“such + a / an + 形容词 + 名词”，也常与that构成such…that…句型。但many，much等不与such连用；such不能和the连用，但可以与a，an连用，且要置于其前；而与数词，all，another，no，every，some等连用时，要放在后面。

eg: I have such an interesting book.

19. This gift was the Amber Room, which was given this name because several tons of amber were used to make it.

 (1) which was given this name…为非限制性定语从句。非限制性定语从句，在修饰物时用which，whose；在修饰人时用who，whom，whose。通常有逗号与主句隔开。 eg: The chairman, who spoke first, sat on my right.

(2) be used to do “被用来做……”    eg: The box is used to hold pencils.

   used to do sth 过去常常做某事，暗示现在已经不做了。   eg: He used to live in this city. 

   be / get / become used to + n. / v. –ing“习惯于做……”     eg: I’m used to getting up early.

20. About four metres long, the room served as a small reception hall for important visitors.

  这是一个带有形容词短语作状语的简单句。形容词作状语时可置于句首，也可置于句末。

eg: Ripe, these apples are very sweet.

  four metres long 意为“4米长”，在英语中描绘物体的长度、宽度、高度、厚度……时，常用以下结构： 

  (1) 数词 + 名词复数 + 形容词 ( long / old / wide / heavy…)

  (2) 数词 + 名词复数+ in + 抽象名词 ( length / width / weight / age…)

  (3) as + 形容词 + as + 数词 +名词复数

  (4) a + 名词 ( length / height / width / weight / depth…) of + 数词 + 名词复数

  eg: This mountain is 4,000 metres high.

= This mountain is 4,000 metres in height.

 = This mountain is as high as 4,000 metres.

= This mountain reaches a height of 4,000 metres.

21. Later, CatherineⅡ had the Amber Room moved to a palace outside St Petersburg where she spent her summers.

(1) have sth done“让某事做成”     eg: I had my hair cut yesterday.

             “使某事完成”，可自己参与也可请人完成或主语遭受某种损失。

eg: We must have the work finished tomorrow.

      He had his money stolen on his way home.

  have…doing“让……正在做 / 一直做”；

have…do“让……做”        

(2) where在本句中引导定语从句，可替换为in which。where引导定语从句时，前面必须有表示地点的名词作先行词。  

eg: This is the factory where my father is working.

 where也可以引导状语从句，在引导状语从句时，前面无先行词。

eg: Make marks where you have any questions.

22. In 1770 the room was completed the way she wanted.

  the way在定语从句中做 wanted的宾语，所以关系代词用which/that/省略。

way“方式，方法”，其后跟定语从句，且先行词在定语从句中做方式状语时，关系代词用that或in which或省略。    

eg: Can you tell me the way (that / in which) you learn English well?

23. After that, what happened to the Amber Room remains a mystery.

(1) what happened to the Amber Room为动词remains的主语。what在这个主语从句中做主语。what引导名词性从句时，除起到引导词的作用外，还在名词性从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语。    

eg: What he meant was clear enough. (宾语)

    Our country is no longer what it was before. (表语)

    What surprised me most was that he was late for school again. (主语)

    He asked me what clothes he should wear. (定语)

(2) remain

表示“继续保持”，做系动词，后接形容词、分词、名词、介词短语等。 

eg: However, his knowledge of French remained very weak.

 vi. “尚待，留待”，常用于remain to be done结构中。      

eg: It remains to be seen whether or not the operation was successful.

Ⅱ 语言学习

 

【知识点精讲】

1. worth  

(1) prep.“值得的，相当于……的价值” eg: It may be worth putting an advertisement in the local paper.

(2) n. “价值，用处”    eg: The balance sheet will not show the current worth of the company.

(3) adj. “值钱的”   eg: How much is the ring worth?

2. take apart  

“拆开，拆卸”   eg: The boy took apart the toy car, but couldn’t put it together again.

tell apart“区分开”；

apart from“除了，只是”；

fall apart“破裂”

3. One day he was looking in a second-hand furniture shop when he saw an amazing object among the many different vases and jewels.

句中when是连词，意为“这时，那时”，相当于and then，此时不可用while替换。 

  eg: I was wandering through the streets when I caught sight of a tailor’s shop.

  when作连词，还可为“既然，考虑到”   eg: I can not tell you when you won’t listen.

4. He recognized that it was a rare cultural relic, but at a price he could afford, so he bought it at once.

  at可表示价格、速度等，意为“以，用”   eg: He bought the CD player at 1,000 dollars.

  at a high / low / best price“以高价 / 低价 / 最好价”     

at any price“无论花多少钱，无论如何”

  once again / once more“再一次”；

once and for all“最终地，一次了结地”；

once in a while“偶尔，间或”；  

once upon a time“从前”；

all at once“突然”

5. The old man saw some Germans taking apart the Amber Room and removing it.

see sb doing意为“看见某人正在做”，强调动作正在进行或看见了部分动作。若是see sb do“看见某人做过”，强调动作的整个过程或动作已完成。    eg: I saw the train come into the station.

  see sb do的被动语态中应把to还原回来。   eg: The car was seen to stop.

  hear sb do / doing“听见某人做过 / 正在做”      notice sb do / doing“注意到某人做过 / 正在做”   

watch sb do / doing“观察到某人做过 / 正在做”   feel sb do / doing“觉得某人做过 / 正在做”

Ⅲ  综合技能

 

【知识点精讲】

1. evidence  n.

“证据，根据”   eg: This kind of information is called evidence.

“(法庭上证明某人有罪的)证据，证词”  eg: His evidence was enough to convict Hayes of murder.

in evidence“明显的”    eg: She was much in evidence at the party.

2. explode  vi.

“爆炸”   eg: In April 1945 I heard something explode at midnight.

  “发怒”   eg: These guys tend to explode at any moment over the least thing.

  “急剧扩大，激增”    eg: The population exploded in the early 1970s.

3. entrance  n.

“入口，通道”，其后常接介词to   eg: Where is the entrance to the cave?

4. sink  vi. ( sank，sunk； sunk，sunk )

“下沉，沉下”  eg: The Titanic sank after hitting an iceberg.

  “(太阳、月亮)落下，下沉”   eg: The sun was sinking behind the coconut palms.

  “(数量、价值)减少，降低”   eg: The population had sunk to a few dozen families.

  “衰退，恶化”   eg: The economy of this country was sinking deeper and deeper into crisis.

5. informal  

adj. “非正式的”   eg: This is an informal meeting.

6. debate  

(1) n. “争论，辩论”   eg: The theatre’s future is a subject of considerable debates.

  (2) vi. “争论，辩论”，常用debate about (on / upon ) sth with sb表示“与某人辩论某事”

eg: He is debating about the matter with his father.

7. agree with  “同意某人 / 某人的意见”     eg: I agree with you / what you said.

               “与……一致，(气候、食物)适合于”   eg: The hot climate doesn’t agree with him.

    agree to a plan / suggestion / proposal“同意计划 / 建议 / 提议”  

agree on sth“就……达成一致意见”     agree to do sth“同意做某事”

8. rather than “而不是”，用来连接两个并列成分，表示在两者中进行选择。后面可以接名词、名词短语、代词、形容词、动词不定式、动名词等。   eg: The job will take months rather than weeks.

9. think highly of “对……有很高的评价，高度赞扬”    eg: I always think highly of this man.

    think well of “重视”  think little of “看轻，看不起”  think poorly / badly / ill of“不放在眼里，轻视”

10. search for = ( look for )“寻找”     eg: She searched for the lost key in the room.

    search sb“搜某人的身”    search someplace for sth“在某地方搜查某物”

11. For example, it can be proved that China has more people than any other country in the world.

(1) 此句中it是形式主语，真正的主语是that China has more people than any other country in the world 。it除了用作形式主语外，还可用作形式宾语。  eg: I found it very interesting to study English.

  (2) prove  vt.“证明，证实”，后接名词、代词、从句等作宾语   eg: He was unable to prove the truth of what he said.

  (3) more people than any other country是形容词比较级的一种用法。使用时应注意比较的范围，避免和包括自身的对象比较，也就是说被比较的事物中不应包括本身。  eg: Shanghai is larger than any other city in China.  (上海也属于中国)                                                                                                                                   

       形容词的比较级+ than + any + 单数名词，表示不在同一范围内的比较。   

eg: China is larger than any country in Africa. (中国不属于非洲)

12. In a trial, a judge must decide which eyewitnesses to believe and which not to believe.

(1) trial  n .“尝试；实验；审讯”   eg: The murder trial lasted six weeks.

  (2) which eyewitnesses to believe和which not to believe 是“疑问词 + 不定式”结构。此结构中疑问词包括who，what， which， how， when， where， why等。这些疑问词和不定式短语一起构成了不定式短语，在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语和宾语补足语等。

eg: I really don’t know what to write about.  (宾语)

     The problem is where to put this computer.  (表语)