Ⅰ 阅读
【知识点精讲】
1. ancient
adj. “古代的；古老的”，可作定语或表语。 eg: This stone axe is a relic of ancient times.
in ancient times“在古代”
ancient Olympics“古代奥林匹克运动会”
ancient history“古代史”
ancient civilization“古代文明”
2. compete
vi.“比赛，竞争，参加比赛” eg: Five children competed in the race.
compete with / against…“和……竞争 / 对抗”
eg: They found themselves competing with foreign companies for a share of the market.
compete for…“为……竞争” eg: Several companies are competing for the contract.
compete to do sth“争着做某事” eg: Several advertising agencies are competing to get the contract.
3. volunteer
(1) n.“志愿者” eg: I need some volunteers to clean up the kitchen.
(2) vt.“自愿做” eg: He volunteered his services as a driver.
(3) vi.“自愿做，义务做”，常与for或as连用 eg: He volunteered for guard duty.
4. regular
adj.“规则的；定期的；常规的” eg: Everything seemed quite regular when the fire broke out.
regularly adv.“定期地；经常地”
regulation n.“规则；条例；法令”
5. basis
n.“基础；根据”，常与介词for或of连用。
eg: The basis of her opinion is something she read in the magazine.
base v.“根据；基于”，常与介词on或upon连用 eg: This song is based on an old folk tune.
6. admit v.
(1) “允许；接纳” eg: We admitted her as a member of our club.
(2) “承认”，其后可跟名词、动词-ing形式、宾语从句 eg: John has admitted breaking the window.
(3) “准许进入”，常与介词to / into连用 eg: Only ticket-holders will be admitted into the stadium.
(4) “容纳” eg: The hall can admit 1,000 people.
7. responsibility
n.“责任；职责” eg: I take full responsibility for this action.
bear responsibility for...“对……负责任”；take the responsibility for / of doing sth“负起对(做)某事的责任”
responsible adj.“负责的；有责任的” eg: If any of the children got hurt, I should feel responsible.
8. swift
adj.“快的；迅速的” eg: The river is too swift to swim.
【辨析】swift，rapid，quick与fast的区别：
swift表示速度很快，又指运动平稳而不费力。
rapid指运动本身快，速度急。
quick常用于即将发生的事情或占用时间较短的事情。
fast多用于运动中的人或其他东西。
9. take part in
“参加” eg: Every four years athletes from all over the world take part in the Olympic Games.
take an active part in“积极参加”
【辨析】join in，take part in，join与attend的区别：
join in多指参加正在进行的活动，如：竞赛、娱乐、谈话等。常用结构：join sb in sth / doing sth
take part in指参加某项工作、活动、运动，并在其中起一定作用。
join指参加某个组织、党派或社团，并成为其中一员。
attend指出席或参加会议、讲话、婚礼、听报告等。
10. stand for
(1) “代表；象征” eg: Our flag stands for our country.
(2) “主张；支持；忍受；容忍” eg: I want to know what the she stands for before I’ll vote for her.
stand by“袖手旁观；遵守(诺言等)；支持”
stand up“站起；站得住脚；经受得住”
stand against“反对”
stand out“显眼；突出”
11. as well 作副词，意为“另外；还”，常放在句末。
eg: Often life is much slower outside the big cities, as is true in other countries as well.
as well as“和……一样好；也；而且” eg: He speaks English as well as me.
12. as a matter of fact “事实上” eg: As a matter of fact, I’ve never been here before.
13. It’s in the Summer Olympics that you have the running races, together with swimming, sailing and all the team sports.
本句是强调句。它的结构为“It is / was + 被强调成分 + that分句.”
eg: Tom went to see a film with Mary by bike yesterday.
= It was Tom that went to see a film with Mary by bike yesterday
14. No other countries could join in, nor could slaves or women!
(1) other adj. 意为“另外的；别的；其他的”常与some，one，any，no，all等词连用。
eg: There are some other ways of doing this exercise.
(2) nor could slaves or women是倒装语序。结构为：nor / neither + be / 助动词 / 情态动词 + 主语。此类句子通常表示前面一句话中的谓语所说明的情况，也适用于另一句中的主语。意为“……也不”。
eg: This problem is not difficult and neither is that one.
15. Women are not only allowed, but play a very important role in...
(1) not only…but (also) ...“不仅……而且……”用来连接句子中的并列成分。若连接两个并列主语，谓语动词要用“就近原则”。 eg: He plays not only the piano but also the violin.
not only…but also…若连接两个并列分句，not only位于句首时，此分句用倒装语序。
eg: Not only does he speak English correctly, but also he speaks it fluently.
(2) allow v. “允许；准许”，常用结构：
allow sb to do sth“允许某人做某事” eg: I was not allowed to stay out after 11 o’clock.
allow sb in / out“允许某人进入 / 出去” eg: I don’t allow the cat in the bedroom.
allow doing sth“允许做某事” eg: We don’t allow eating in the classroom.
16. There’s as much competition among countries to host the Olympics as to win Olympic medals.
as much…as“像……一样”，表示程度。 eg: Getting rid of a bad habit is as much struggle as forming a good one.
as + adj. / adv. + as 表示同级比较，否定结构中前一个as可以换成so。
eg: This film is as interesting as that one.
as much …as和as many…as表达数量一样，much修饰不可数名词，many修饰可数名词。
eg: He has made as many mistakes as I.
Please drink as much water as you can.
Ⅱ 语言学习
【知识点精讲】
1. physical adj.
(1) “身体的” eg: I’m not a great believer in taking regular physical exercise.
(2) “现实的；物质的；依据自然规律的” eg: They were kept in appalling physical conditions.
physical exercise“体育活动”
physical strength“体力”
the physical world“物质世界”
2. fine
(1) vt. “罚款” eg: If you are discovered, you will be fined.
(2) n. “罚金；罚款” eg: The driver paid a fifty-dollar fine for speeding.
3. advertise v. “做广告；登广告” eg: The company advertised for a new secretary.
advertise for“征聘” eg: We are currently advertising for a new sales manager.
4. in charge “负责；主管” eg: It really depends on who is in charge.
in charge其后接宾语时，要加介词of，即in charge of，其逻辑主语是人，表示主动意义。
eg: I’m in charge of the factory.
如果主语是物时，应用in the charge of sb意为“在某人的负责下”。
eg: This department is in the charge of Professor Brown.
5. …duty to be in charge and get in trouble if things go wrong.
(1) get in trouble也可作get into trouble或get sb into trouble，意为“陷入麻烦”或“给某人惹麻烦”。
eg: Don’t copy my homework or we’ll both get into trouble.
run into trouble“陷入麻烦”
ask for trouble“自找麻烦”
take the trouble to do sth“费力做某事”
cause / make trouble“惹麻烦”
(2) go wrong“出错；弄错”，go在此处为系动词 eg: Follow these instructions and you can’t go wrong.
“出毛病、故障” eg: Something has gone wrong with my watch.
be bad“变质”
go sour“变酸；变馊；变坏”
go mad“疯了”
6. Unfortunately during the final, she was in front in her race when another competitor pushed her on purpose so that she fell down.
(1) on purpose“故意地”，在句中作状语。 eg: He broke the glass on purpose.
(2) so that在句中引导结果状语从句，它还可引导目的状语从句。
eg: He got up early so that he could catch the first bus. (目的状语从句)
Many contestants later failed drug tests, so that the race had to be rerun. (结果状语从句)
Ⅲ 综合技能
【知识点精讲】
1. glory n.
(1) “荣誉” eg: She took part in the competition for the glory of the school.
(2) “壮丽；壮观”，是不可数名词 eg: I was fascinated by the glory of the sunset.
(3) “可夸耀的事”，是可数名词 eg: The temple is one of the glories of ancient Greece.
2. bargain
(1) n. “协议；交易” eg: We have made a bargain that he will do shopping and I will cook.
“便宜货” eg: I might buy a TV if I can find a bargain in the sales.
(2) v. “讨价还价；交易；订合同”，常与介词with / over / about / on连用
eg: They bargained on a two-year term.
3. marry vi. “结婚；嫁；娶” eg: He married a beautiful girl.
marry sb to sb “(父母)为自己的孩子找(配偶)；把……嫁给……”
get married“结婚”
be married to sb“与某人结婚”
注意get married是终止性动词，不能和表示一段时间的状语连用；而be married是延续性动词，可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。 eg: They have been married for three years.
married adj.“已婚的”
marriage n.“婚姻”
4. foolish adj. “愚蠢的；傻的” eg: Why are these men so foolish?
【辨析】foolish，stupid与silly的区别：
foolish指“无头脑的、缺乏常识的、缺乏判断能力的” eg: It was foolish of you to do so.
stupid指“反应迟钝的、智力差的” eg: Mary is very stupid in learning maths.
silly指“头脑简单的、傻头傻脑的”，有时带有感情色彩。eg: Stop asking such silly questions.
You silly child!
5. deserve v.
(1) “应得，应受”(不用于进行时态中) eg: She deserves the prize.
(2) “值得……；有……的价值” eg: His brave act deserves admiration.
be worth doing“值得做”
be worth of being done / be worthy to be done“值得做”
6. run against…
(1) “与……赛跑” eg: He is running against many competitors in the 100 metres.
(2) “对……不利；与……相撞” eg: If you don’t take care, things will run against you.
7. pick up
(1) “拾起；捡起” eg: He picked up a wallet on his way home.
(2) “用车接某人” eg: The bus picks up passengers at three stops.
(3) “(偶然)结识” eg: The boy picked up the girl at a college party.
(4) “收听” eg: We were able to pick up the BBC World Service.
(5) “学会” eg: She picked up English when she was in England.
(6) “恢复健康” eg: The patient soon picked up when she stayed at the hotel at the seaside.
pick out“挑出；分辨出”
pick over“精选；甄选”
pick through“在……里搜寻；用心挑选”
pick at“一点一点地吃；挑挑捡捡地吃”
8. one after another “一个接一个地” eg: Clients visited his office one after another.
one by one“逐个地；逐一地”
one after the other “陆续地；络绎不绝地”
one and all“各位；大家；每个人”
one and the same “完全相同的；同一个”
9. She was so angry that she said to her father that she would not marry anyone who could not run faster than her.
(1) so…that… “如此……以至于……”，在句中that引导结果状语从句，口语中其可以省略。
eg: The suitcase was so heavy that I couldn’t carry it upstairs.
so…that… 句型中，so可置于句首，形成倒装结构，表示强调。
eg: So small was the mark that I could hardly see it.
(2) would在本句中是will的故去式，表示“坚持；执意”
eg: I handed her some money but she wouldn’t take it.
10. However, when he saw
(1) however adv. “然而；不过；但是”，与句子常有个逗号隔开。
eg: This method has been widely adopted. However, it is not yet clear that it is the best method.
(2) change one’s mind “改变想法” one’s随着主语的人称和数的变化而变化，而mind一般不用复数。
eg: He is planning to travel alone and nothing will change his mind.
make up one’s mind“下决心”
keep sth in mind“记住某事”
keep one’s mind on…“专心于……”
speak one’s mind“坦率说出心中的话”
Out of sight, out of mind.“眼不见，心不想。”(谚语)
Ⅳ 语法讲解
一、一般将来时的被动语态的构成
shall / will be + 动词的过去分词
1. 主语 + 谓语 + 宾语：eg: We will build a new factory next year. (主动)
A new factory will be built by us next year. (被动)
2. 主语 + 谓语 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语：eg: My father will give me a bike. (主动)
I will be given a bike by my father. (被动)
3. 主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 宾补：eg: We will ask him to help you tomorrow. (主动)
He will be asked to help you by us tomorrow. (被动)
二、一般将来时的其他几种被动语态形式
1. be going to be done：eg: We are going to discuss the problem at the meeting tomorrow. (主动)
The problem is going to be discussed at the meeting tomorrow. (被动)
2. be to be done：eg: We are to repair the TV set tomorrow. (主动)
The TV set is to be repaired by us tomorrow. (被动)
在时间、条件状语从句中，常用一般现在时的被动语态代替一般将来时的被动语态。
eg: If I am given enough time, I will go to
