Unit 3 Computers
calculate, anyhow, signal, type, arise, in a way, with the help of, deal with, watch over, so / such…that
1. calculate v. 计算，计划，打算；估计
calculation n. 计算，推算
calculator n. 计算器，计算者
calculating adj. 有私心的；精明的
be calculated to do sth 打算或计划做某事
a calculated risk 有意进行的冒险
calculate on doing sth 指望或依靠某事物
eg: We haven’t calculated the cost of the vacation yet.
The advertisements are calculated to attract young single consumers.
It has been calculated that at least 47, 000 jobs were lost last year.
2. anyhow adv. 无论如何；即使如此
1 “无论如何，不管怎样；总之；尽管如此”。作此意讲时，anyhow和anyway一样，都用作让步状语，一般置于句中（其前常有连词but）或句末。
2 “况且，更何况，再说，至少”。作此意讲时，可用来作状语，对前面的话作补充，给出一个令人信服的理由，此时anyhow常出现在句首或最后的分句之首，而不出现在句末。
3 “粗心地，随意地”。作此意讲时，anyhow不可与anyway互换。
eg: I must finish my homework before going to bed anyhow.
Anyhow, you can try.
His clothes were thrown down anyhow.
3. signal vi.&vt. 发信号 n. 信号
a danger / warning / distress signal 危险 / 警告 / 遇难信号
traffic signals 交通信号灯
a stop signal 停车信号
signal (to) sb to do sth 示意某人做某事
signal to sb 向某人示意
signal (sb) that 示意…
辨析symbol / sign / signal / mark：
均含“标志，象征，符号”之意。
1 symbol指作象征或表达某种深邃意蕴的特殊事物。
2 sign普通用词，指人们公认的事物的记号，也可指某种情况的征兆。
3 signal指为某一目的而有意发出的信号。
4 mark普通用词，含义广泛。既可指为便于辨认而有意做的标记，又可指自然形成的标记或有别于其他事物的特征。
eg: All I get is a busy signal whenever I dial his number.
He signaled (to) the waiter for the bill.
She signaled (to) him to follow her.
4. type n. 类型，种类，样式
v. 打字
a rare blood type 罕见的血型
different racial types 不同的人种
type up 打印出来
辨析kind / type：
1 kind表示种类时，用于指性质相同且具有相似特征的东西。如a kind of paper
2 type比较具体，主要指类型、型号和样式。如different blood types
eg: She mixes with all types of people.
How fast can you type?
This letter needs to be typed again.
5. arise vi. 出现；发生；起身，起床
作“呈现；出现；发生”之意时，主语多为以下抽象名词：argument / problem / quarrel / question / movement
arise from 由…而引起；从…中产生
辨析arise / arouse / rise / raise：
|
原形 |
过去式 |
过去分词 |
v.-ing |
|
arise(vi.)出现,发生,起因于 |
arose |
arisen |
arising |
|
arouse (vt.)唤醒，激起 |
aroused |
aroused |
arousing |
|
rise(vi.)升起,起身,增长,上升 |
rose |
risen |
rising |
|
raise(vt.)举起,唤起,提高,饲养 |
raised |
raised |
raising |
eg: How did this quarrel arise?
He arose from his seat.
Accidents often arise from carelessness.
注：arise为不及物动词，没有被动语态。
6. in a way 在某种程度上
all the way 一路上；自始至终；完全
by the way 顺便说
by way of 经由，途径
in no way 一点也不；决不
in the way 挡事；碍事
No way! [俚]别想！没门！
on one’s way / the way to 在…路上
give way (to) 让步，屈服
eg: Why don’t you stop by our place on your way to
There is no way we’re going to get this task finished on time.
Don’t stand in the way.
By the way, have you seen my umbrella anywhere?
7. with the help of 在…的帮助下
help sb out 帮助某人度过难关 / 摆脱困境
help sb with sth 帮助某人做某事
help (to) do sth 帮着做某事
help oneself to 自用（食物）；擅自取用
can’t help doing sth 禁不住做某事
cannot help but do sth 不得不做某事，只得做某事
eg: She spoke with us with the help of an interpreter.
I worked out the problem with the teacher’s help.
I cannot help but admit he is right.
If you want another drink, just help yourself.
8. deal with 处理；安排；对付
deal with和do with都可表示“处理；对付”，do with常与连接代词what连用，而deal with常与连接副词how连用。
eg: I don’t know how they will deal with the problem.
= I don’t know what they will do with the problem.
Deal with a man as he deals with you.
This is a book dealing with Asian problems.
They have learned to deal with all sorts of people.
9. watch over 看守；监视；照看
watch for 留意，观察等待
watch out (for) 警惕或注意；提防
keep (a) watch on 监视
eg: They were watched over by three policemen.
I’m his best friend, and I will always watch over him.
The cat was on the wall, watching for birds.
10. And my memory became so large that even I couldn’t believe it!
so / such…that引导结果状语从句，意为“如此…以至于”。
1 so…that…的基本句式：
a. so + adj. (adv.或分词) + that从句
b. so + adj. + a (an) + 单数名词 + that从句
c. so + 从句
much / little (少的) +不可数名词
2 句型区别：
a. so…that…与such…that…：
都有“如此…以至于…”之意。但so是副词，修饰形容词或副词；而such是形容词，修饰名词（词组）。注意：so与such均要与不定冠词和形容词连用，但位置有别：so + adj. + a (an) + n. + that从句；such + a (an) + adj. + n. + that从句。如果后边所接的名词是不可数名词时，只能用such。
b. so…that…/ so that：
so…that…意为“如此…以至于…”，只能引导结果状语从句；而so that意为“结果是；以便，目的是”，既可引导结果状语从句，也可引导目的状语从句。so that引导目的状语从句时，从句中常使用can / could / may / might / will / would / should等情态动词；引导结果状语从句时，从句中一般不用can和may等词，在so that前可以有逗号，意思是“因此；所以”。
3 当so…/ such…放在句首时，主句要用部分倒装。
eg: She was so excited that she couldn’t go to sleep.
It was so hot a day that nobody wanted to do anything. (= It was such a lot day that nobody wanted to do anything.)
So fast did he run that I couldn’t catch up with him.
练习：
1. 很难预测法律上的这些变化会产生怎样的长期影响。
2. 我无论如何不会给你添麻烦。
3. I might fail, but I insist on doing it. I don’t mind.
A. however B. anyhow C. yet D. meanwhile
4. 右转弯前你示意了吗？
5. 胸部疼痛可能是心脏病的报警信号。
6. 那份报告你打出来没有？
Has that report been yet?
7. 这种活你收多少钱？
What do you charge for work ?
8. This is the point where the difference .
A. rises B. raises C. arises D. happens
9. ---I think he is taking an active part in social work.
---I agree with you .
A. in a way B. no the way
C. by the way D. in the way
10. My friends me （帮我度过难关）when I lost my job.
11. I （情不自禁地认为）he knows more than he has told us.
12. Many colleges have taken measures to the cheating of students in exams.
A. work out B. find out
C. deal with D. go with
13. --- for the glass!
---It’s OK. I’m wearing shoes.
A. Watch out B. Watch over
C. Go over D. Set out
14. about the economic crisis that he decided to look for more information about it.
A. So curious he was
B. So curious was he
C. Such curious he was
D. Such curious was he
Unit 3 Computers
1. It’s difficult to calculate the long-term effects of these changes in the law.
2. I wouldn’t let any trouble come to you anyhow / anyway.
3. B 4. Did you signal before you turned right?
5. Chest pains can be a warning signal of heart problems.
6. typed up 7. of this type 8. C 9. A
10. helped; out 11. can’t help thinking
12—14 CAB
