Unit 4 Wildlife protection
contain, affect, appreciate, succeed, harm, die out, come into being, protect…from…, long before
1. contain vt. 包含；容纳；克制；抑制
contain oneself 克制自己
container n. 容器；集装箱；货柜
辨析contain / include / including / included：
1 contain意为“包含，含有，容纳，里面装有”，指的是包含的全部内容或容量，也可指里面所含的成分，不用于进行时态。
2 include意为“包含；连…在内，计入，包括”，用于表示所包含之物中的一部分，其后的宾语往往是主语的一部分。
3 including可以作介词，放在所包括的东西之前。
4 included是过去分词性质的形容词，放在所包括的东西之后。
eg:
This bottle contains two glasses of beer.
She was too angry to contain herself.
Many people like tennis, including me / me included.
2. affect vt. 影响；感动；（疾病）侵袭
be greatly / deeply affected 很 / 深受感动
be affected by heat / cold 中暑 / 着凉
be affected with high fever 发高烧
辨析affect / influence：
1 affect的宾语是物时，它包含足以引起反应的刺激，有时包含一定的改变；当affect的宾语是人时，它表示在心智上或感情上的影响，即感动。
2 influence表示“影响；感染”的意思时，是指使思想、行为、性质或发展和成长等发生变化的影响。它可以指坏的影响，也可以指好的影响，这种影响常常是潜移默化的。
eg: The slight change of weather can affect her delicate health.
She was affected by his words.
Parents have great influence on their children.
注：effect n. 影响；效力，疗效；作用
have an effect on = affect (v.)
3. appreciate vt.
appreciate + n. / pron. / v.-ing 重视 / 感激…
I would appreciate it if… 假如…我将不胜感激
appreciation n. 欣赏；感激
eg: Her boss appreciated her talents very much.
I appreciate your kind words.
I would appreciate it if you can take care of my dog.
We didn’t appreciate that he was seriously ill.
4. succeed vi. 成功；继承
vt. 接替；继任
succeed (in) doing sth 成功…
succeed to sth 继承…
success n.[U]成功，成就 [C]成功的人或事物
successful adj. 成功的
successfully adv. 成功地
eg: He succeeded in getting a place at art school.
You’ll have to work hard if you are to succeed.
His eldest son succeeded to the title after he died.
Nothing succeeds like success. 一顺百顺，一通百通
5. harm
harmful adj. 有害的
对…有害
do sb harm = do harm to sb
There is no harm in doing sth = It does no harm (for sb) to do sth 做某事是个好主意（或没有坏处）
eg: The dog seems fierce, but it won’t harm anyone.
Fruit juices can be harmful to children’s teeth.
He may say no, but there is no harm in asking.
6. die out 绝种；灭亡
die of / from 因…而死
die away 减弱，淡化
die down 逐渐减弱，降低，察觉不到
die off 相继死去，先后死去
be dying for / to do sth 渴望 / 极想做某事
die for 为…而死
eg: Many old customs are gradually dying out.
My grandfather died from a heart attack.
I’m dying for a cup of coffee.
This species has nearly died out because its habitat is being destroyed.
7. come into being 形成；产生
come into effect / force / operation 开始生效/执行/实施
come into existence / being 开始存在；形成，产生
come into fashion 开始流行，风靡
come into power / office 就职，上台执政
come into use / service 开始被使用
come into sight / view 看得见
eg: We don’t exactly know when the universe came into being.
Long skirts have come into fashion again.
When do the new regulations come into force?
8. protect…from… 保护…不受…（危害）
1 protect against和protect from意思相似，有时可互换。但对于较大的事情，如敌人的入侵、天灾等，常用protect against，对于较小的事情常用protect from。
2 在protect…from / against…结构中，from和against后面常跟sth，有时against后跟being done来强调动作的被动性。
3 prevent / keep / stop sb / sth from doing sth阻止某人做某事 / 阻止某事发生。主动句中prevent / stop…from…中的from可省略，在被动句中from不可省略，而keep…from…中的from无论在主动句还是被动句中都不能省略。
eg: He raised his arm to protect his child from hurt.
Troops have been sent to protect aid workers against attack.
The trees were a good protection against the wind.
9. They lived on the earth tens of millions of years ago, long before humans came into being.
1 long before相当于long long ago，意为“很久以前”，常用于过去时或过去完成时的句子中作时间状语，before后面可以跟从句。
2 before long相当于soon或a little later，意为“不久；不久以后”，常与将来时、过去时态连用，在句中作状语，不可以直接加从句。
3 It is / was not long before + 从句 “不久就…”
It will not be long before + 从句 “过不了多久
就…”（主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时）
4 It will be long before + 从句 “要过很久才…”
eg: It won’t be long before he goes abroad.
The result of the exam will come out before long.
I had heard of him long before I came here.
练习：
用contain / include / including / included填空
1. This book ten units, two main revisions.
2. The money I gave you your sister’s.
3. Everyone had something to say, me .
4. Much by the story of Cong Fei, I am also determined to be a volunteer worker.
A. affected B. appreciated
C. admired D. effected
5. I wrote him a letter to show my of his thoughtfulness.
A. achievement B. agreement
C. attention D. appreciation
6. We must several new teachers at once to the
A. appreciate B. appoint
C. appeal D. approach
7. 这项计划极为成功。(success)
The plan was .
8. 她成功地爬上了那座山。
She climbed the mountain .
9. Smoking and drinking will .
A. do your harm B. be harm to you
C. do you harm D. harm to you
10. Drinking too much can one’s health.
A. harm B. hurt C. cause D. wound
11. The noise of the car in the distance.
A. died for B. died out
C. died off D. died away
12. “Do you know when Obama ?” He asked me.
A. came into office B. came into force
C. came into being D. came into service
13. He is wearing sunglasses to his eyes from the strong sunlight.
A. protect B. hold C. stop D. prevent
14. The umbrella can you from the rain.
A. stop B. prevent C. protect D. keep
15. We young people should do something we can
(keep) the sea (pollute). (用适当形式填空)
16. The book was published it was written.
A. soon before B. long before
C. before long D. soon after
Unit 4 Wildlife protection
1. contains; including 2. included
3. included 4—6 ADB 7. a great success
8. successfully 9—14 CADAAC
15. to keep; from being polluted 16. D
