Unit 5 Music
form, earn, perform, familiar, sort out, play jokes on, break up, above all, before作连词的多种译法
1. form n. 形状，外形；表格，形式
v. （使）组成；形成；构成；排列
be in / out of form 处于良好的 / 不良的状态
in the form of 以…的形式，呈…状态
take the form of 采取…的形式；表现为…的形式
fill in / out a form 填表格
form the habit of 养成…的习惯
form into 组成…，编成…
eg: A plan began to form in his mind.
Help in the form of money will be very welcome.
To apply for a job, you must fill in / out a form.
2. earn vt. 赚（钱）；挣得；得到；获得
earn one’s living / bread 谋生，维持生计
earn money = make money 赚钱，挣钱
earn one’s own living 自食其力
earn a salary 挣工资
辨析earn / gain / win：
1 earn指经过艰苦的努力而获得报酬，其宾语一般是金钱或荣誉。
2 gain指通过斗争、竞争或劳动达到目的，获得优势，其宾语多为优胜、经验等。
3 win指在竞争中获胜，其宾语多为比赛、竞赛等。
eg: Do you know how much he earns a month?
She is young, but she earns a good salary.
He earns his living by writing stories.
Rescuing a drowning man earned him the respect of all.
3. perform
perform an operation / a play 进行手术 / 演一出戏
perform one’s duty / promise尽责任 / 履行诺言
performance n. 履行，执行；表演，演奏
put on a performance / performances表演
performer n. 执行者，表演者，演奏者；能手，选手
辨析perform / conduct / fulfil：
这些动词均含“做；执行；实施；完成”之意。
1 perform指完成困难较大、较复杂的任务。比较正式的用词。
2 conduct和perform一样比较正式，二者意义相近，但conduct含指导、领导或监督等意味。
3 fulfil指履行和实现所许诺的、所期望或要求的事情，含最终完成的意味。
eg: The students will perform an opera next Friday.
The police perform a vital role in our society.
You shall perform the experiment the way they do.
4. familiar adj. 熟悉的；常见的；亲近的
1 be familiar with“熟悉，通晓”。其主语通常是指人的名词，with的宾语是主语通晓的事物。
2 be familiar to“为…所熟悉”。其主语通常是人们所通晓的事物，to的宾语通常是指人的名词。
eg: English, maths and history are the subjects that are familiar to you.
The voice on the phone sounded familiar to me.
Are you familiar with the computer software they use?
5. sort out 分类
all sorts of 各种各样的
sort of 有点儿
of this / that sort （这 / 那）一类的
sort…into… 分成…
sort through 翻查；归整
eg: This sort of bird is very rare.
The teacher sorted the students into teams.
I’ve sorted out the papers that can be thrown away.
6. play jokes on 戏弄…；和…开玩笑
have a joke with sb 和某人开玩笑
make a joke / jokes about sb 拿某人 / 某事说笑话
play tricks on sb = make fun of sb和…开玩笑；捉弄某人
eg: Mark Twain liked very much to tell funny stories and he also liked to play jokes on his friends.
Don’t make jokes about the handicapped.
It’s cruel to make fun of people who stammer.
7. break up 打碎；散开，解散；结束；放假
break down 出故障，坏掉；失败；跨掉；分解
break in 破门而入；打断（谈话等）
break into 强行闯入；突然…起来
break out （战争，火灾等）爆发，发生
break away from 脱离；挣脱
break through 突围；突破，冲垮；克服
eg: The car broke down on the way.
The meeting broke up at five.
The robber broke into the bank, trying to take away money.
Sentences can be broken up into phrases and phrases into words.
8. above all 最重要；首先
after all 毕竟；终究
all in all 整体说来；总而言之
in all 全部；合计
at all （否定句）一点也不；（疑问句）到底；究竟
all together 同时；一起；一齐
辨析above all / first of all / first(ly) / at first：
1 above all是从重要性上讲的，指重要性在若干事物中位列第一。
2 first of all虽也强调重要性，但更多的还是侧重于顺序或次序，译作“首先，第一”
3 first(ly)用于列举若干事物时引出第一项，指次序，但语气不及first of all强。
4 at first指时间，译作“开始，起初”，相当于in the beginning。
eg: Above all, make sure you keep in touch.
All in all, it had been a great success.
At first, I didn’t like him, but afterwards I came to appreciate him.
9. At last feeling very upset and sensitive, Freddy and his band realized that they must leave the country before it became too painful for them.
before作连词表示时间时，根据其在句中的实际情况，译法有多种，具体可译为：1 在…之前；2 …（之后）才…；3（不多久）就…；4 以免…；5 还没来得及…就…；6（宁愿…）也不愿…
eg: We lived in
It was a long time before I got to sleep again.
It wasn’t long before she came back.
Lock your bike before it gets stolen.
Before John stopped her, she ran out.
I’d shoot myself before I apologized to her.
It was + 一段时间 + before…“过了多久才…”
It will be + 一段时间 + before…“多久之后才…”
eg: It was three years before he left.
It will be half a year before I come back.
练习：
1. In , the house is like the letter S.
A. form B. figure C. shape D. pattern
2. They decided to a large medical conference.
A. found B. form C. set up D. organize
3. 他一年赚18万美元。
4. 他在语言学校教书以维持生计。
5. 那位著名的歌手拒绝表演，除非给他合适的报酬。
6. 这家公司过去一年业绩欠佳。
7. 住在面包店附近的人都很熟悉这种气味。
8. 这是我自幼就了如指掌的一个地区。
9. The stamps were according to their styles and features.
A. found out B. sorted out
C. put out D. taken out
10. On April 1, the westerners will play on each other but make sure that no one is hurt.
A. fun B. fool C. jokes D. games
11. A quarrel last Sunday, and he his family.
A. was broken out; broke away
B. broke out; broke away
C. was broke out; broke away from
D. broke out; broke away from
12. I can’t give my son the leading position. , he is too young; secondly, I want Mr Smith to have the job.
A. Above all B. For example
C. In the end D. To begin with
13. It is three years my brother joined the army and it will be ten days he comes back to see our parents.
A. when; after B. since; when
C. before; until D. since; before
14. A man escaped from the prison last night. It was a long time the guards discovered what had happened.
A. before B. until C. since D. when
Unit 5 Music
1—2 CD 3. He earns $180,
4. He earns his living by teaching at a language school.
5. The famous singer refused to perform unless (he was) given a proper reward.
6. The company has been performing poorly over the last year.
7. The smell is very familiar to everyone who lives near a bakery.
8. This is an area with which I had been familiar since childhood.
9—14 BCDDDA
