Unit 4 Body language
represent, curious, approach, defend, likely, at ease, watch out (for sb / sth), neither / nor / so + 系动词(情态动词或助动词) + 主语
1. represent vt. 代表；描绘；表现；体现；象征
represent…as… 把…描绘成…
represent oneself as / to be 自称是…
represent sth to sb 向某人说明某事，向某人传达某事
representation n. 表现，描述，描绘，表现形式
make representations to… 与…交涉；向……提出抗议
representative n. 代表
adj. 典型的；有代表性的
辨析represent / on behalf of / stand for：
1 represent用来表示“代表某人 / 某个团体 /政府等”、“某种标志代表什么”、“某物（书、雕塑等）表现的是什么”和“把某人 / 物描绘成什么”。
2 on behalf of只能用作状语，表示“代表 / 代替某人”
3 stand of常常用来表示“（字母、数字、符号等）代表 / 象征什么”。
eg: The dove represents peace.
He was chosen to represent our school at the meeting.
On behalf of everyone here, I wish you a very happy holiday.
What does “VIP” stand for?
注：represent作“说明，使明白”和“传达，表达”讲时不能直接跟“人”作宾语，常用结构为“represent sth to sb或represent to sb sth”。类似单词还有explain，relate，guarantee，suggest，announce等。
2. curious adj. 好奇的；求知的；古怪的
be curious about… 对…感到好奇
be curious to do sth 极想做某事
It’s curious that… …很反常
from / out of curiosity 出于好奇
meet / satisfy one’s curiosity 满足某人的好奇心
with curiosity = curiously 好奇地
eg: Don’t be too curious about things you’re not supposed to know.
A student should always be curious to learn.
It’s curious that he left without saying good-bye.
Curiosity is part of a child’s nature.
3. approach
n. 接近；方法；途径
at the approach of… 在…快到的时候
make an approach to… 向…提出建议（要求）
approach to 接近，近似，约等于；（做某事）的方法
approach sb on sth 就某事与某人接洽（商量、交涉）
be approaching (to) （与…）差不多，大致相等
辨析approach / way / means / method：
四者都有“方式、方法、途径”之意，但approach侧重指待人接物或思考问题的方式；way为一般用语；means指可以得到结果的方法；method指有规律的、有条理的做法。
1 表达“做…的方法”时各自的搭配分别是：
the approach to (doing) sth
the way to do / of (doing) sth
the means of (doing) sth
the method of (doing) sth
2 分别与不同的介词搭配：
with this method in this way by this means
eg: The time for graduation is approaching.
The approach of winter brings cold weather.
The best approach to learning a foreign language is the study of the spoken language.
We should approach this problem with great care.
4. defend vt. 保护；保卫
defend sb / sth from / against sb / sth 保护某人（某物）免受伤害；保卫某人（某物）
defend oneself against sth 为自己辩护
defence n. 保卫；保护；辩护；答辩
辨析defend / guard / protect：
三者都含有“保护”之意。
1 defend指“保卫；防御”，应用范围很广，对象可以是具体的，也可以是抽象的。如Troops have been sent to defend the borders.
2 guard指“保卫；守卫”，指注意观察、戒备，以免受可能的攻击或伤害。如The dog was guarding its owner’s luggage.
3 protect指“保护”，以免遭受危险或伤害等。如The huddled together to protect themselves from the wind.
eg: All our officers are trained to defend themselves against knife attacks.
It’s the glorious duty for every soldier to defend our country against enemies.
The law allows people to defend themselves against a charge.
Antibodies are the body’s defences against infection.
5. likely adj. 预期的；可能的
It’s likely that…= sb be likely to do…做某事是可能的
not likely (表示坚决不同意)绝不可能，绝对不会
辨析likely / probable / possible：
1 likely强调表面上看来有可能，与probable意思接近，有时可以互换，但likely常暗示从表面迹象来判断。常用句型：sth / sb be likely to do
It is likely that…
2 probable表示有几分根据的推测，比possible表示的可能性大。换句话说，probable的“有可能”，是指有实际的依据或逻辑上合乎情理。常用句型：It is probable that…
3 possible表示潜在的可能性，也许实际发生的可能性并不大。常用句型：It is possible that…
It is possible (for sb) to do
as quickly / much / soon…as possible
eg: It’s likely that he will win the game.
= He is likely to win the game.
It’s very / quite / most likely that my parents will not allow me to go.
It’s seems probable that he will arrive before dusk.
It’s possible for him to come today.
6. at ease 舒适；快活；自由自在
with ease 轻易地，毫不费力地
feel / look at ease 感到 / 看上去心情放松
put / set sb at one’s ease 使某人放松、松弛
take one’s east 休息，轻松一下
eg: A smile is intended to make people at ease.
Don’t overwork yourself and take your ease.
The girl answered all the questions with great ease.
Take the medicine and it will ease the pain.
7. watch out (for sb / sth) 当心，小心，留意
watch over sb / sth 监督；保护
watch one’s step 当心别摔跤；当心别犯错误
be under close watch 被严密监视
keep watch 值班，守夜
on / off watch 在（不在）值班
be on the watch (for) 留神，注意
eg: She is busy watching over her grandson.
Watch out for a tall man in a black hat.
You should always be on the watch for pickpockets.
8. Not all cultures greet each other the same way, nor are they comfortable in the same way with touching or distance between people.
1 “neither / nor / so + 系动词（情态动词或助动词） + 主语”是一个倒装句型，表示前面的情况也适用于后者，so用于肯定的场合，neither / nor用于否定的场合。
2 “so + 正常语序”表示说话人同意对方的看法或对前文内容给予一种强调性的肯定，常译为“…的确是这样。
3 如果前句有两个分句，或者既有肯定又有否定，要用So it is with…或It’s the same with…句型。
4 “主语 + do / did / does + so”表示“某人这样做了“，本结构中的助动词不能改为be或情态动词。
eg: I didn’t go swimming yesterday, neither did Jack.
Mary can speak English, so can I.
---I heard Jack completed the experiment.
---So he did.
The doctor asked him to do more exercise, and he did so.
练习：
1. The thirteen stars on the flag the thirteen colonies
that have announced independence.
A. are B. sign C. represent D. compare
2. 这个小男孩对他看到的一切都感到好奇。
3. ---Jack has spent an hour in the shoe shop. Hasn’t he decided which pair of shoes to buy?
---Maybe. Young as he is, he is about his appearance.
A. special B. curious C. particular D. serious
4. Many kinds of birds fly south at the of winter.
A. sight B. approach C. direction D. access
5. You’ll need stronger evidence to your claim to the inheritance (继承).
A. protect B. prevent C. guard D. defend
6. It is for her to finish that maths problem in such a short time, because she is so clever.
A. probable B. impossible C. likely D. possible
7. Look, dark clouds are gathering. It is to rain soon.
A. possible B. likely C. probable D. perhaps
8. He sat back on the chair, listening to the MP4 and .
A. looking at ease B. looked at ease
C. being looked at ease D. to look at ease
9. ! The train is coming fast.
A. Watch out B. Be careful
C. Look out D. All the above
10. 我不知道那件事，我也不关心。
11. 他们很疲劳，但没有一个停下来休息。
12. ---Each of the students working hard at their lesson
the book.
---So have I.
A. is reading B. has read C. read D. reads
Unit 4 Body language
1. C 2. The boy was curious about everything / what he saw.
3—9 CBDDBAD 10. I don’t know about it, nor do I care.
11. They are all very tired, but none of them would stop to take a rest.
12. B
