Unit 1 Great scientists
conclude, defeat, expose, cure, blame, contribute, put forward, apart from, make sense, every time
1. conclude
conclude 推断出，断定
(from sth) that…
conclude sth 以…结束
by doing sth
conclude sth with sb 就某事与某人达成协议
conclusion n. 结束，结论
in conclusion 最后，总之
arrive at / come to / draw / reach a conclusion得出结论
come to the conclusion that…所得结论是…
eg: These are facts; what do you conclude from them?
Let me conclude my speech with a saying: Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者，事竟成
I came to the conclusion that he was lying.
2. defeat vt. 打败；战胜；使受挫 n. 失败
辨析defeat / beat / win：
这三个词都有“赢”的意思，但用法不尽相同。
1 defeat和beat都可接sb作宾语，一般可以互换，其宾语通常是“人”或“一个团体”，如a team，a class，a school，an army等。另外，defeat还可用于指战争中“击败”敌军或入侵者。
2 win后接sth，如game，war，prize，love，respect等；后接sb时表示“争取某人”。
eg: Zhang Yining defeated Li Jiawei with difficulty in the 29th Olympics.
The problem has defeated me and I can’t solve it.
The party faces defeat in the election.
3. expose vt. 暴露，揭露，使曝光，使面临
expose sth / sb / oneself (to…) 显露或暴露某事物 / 某人 / 某人自己
exposed adj. （指地方）无遮蔽的；不遮挡风雨的
be exposed to 暴露于…
eg: Don’t expose your baby to the sun.
The liquid is not to be exposed to air, for it will soon evaporate.
The film has been exposed.
We want to expose the kids to as much art and culture as possible.
4. cure n. 治愈；痊愈 vt. 治愈；治疗
a cure for sth 治疗…的方法
cure sb of + 疾病名称 治愈某人的疾病
cure sb of + 不良行为 矫正某人的不良行为
与cure sb of sth结构类似的短语还有：
remind sb of sth 使某人想起某事
suspect sb of sth 怀疑某人（做）某事
rob sb of sth 抢了某人某物
inform sb of sth 通知某人某事
warn sb of sth 警告某人某事
accuse sb of sth 控告某人某事
eg: There is no cure for the common cold at present.
Can you cure me of my cold?
That nasty shock cured him of his inquisitiveness forever.
辨析treat / cure：
1 treat表示治疗过程，不表示结果。
2 cure强调结果，意为“治疗，治愈”，常与of连用。
5. blame vt. 责备；谴责；把…归咎于
n. 过失；责备
blame sb for sth 因某事而责备某人
blame sth on sb 把某事怪到某人头上
be to blame 应受责备
get / accept / bear / take the blame for…对…负责
lay / put the blame for sth on sb把某事归咎于某人身上
eg: She blamed him for the failure of their marriage.
Don’t go trying to blame it on me!
If anyone is to blame, it’s me.
She took the blame on herself.
6. contribute
contribute…to… 把…贡献给…
contribute to… 导致…；向…投稿；有助于…
contribution n. 贡献；捐款；稿件
make a contribution to…对…作出贡献
eg: All the people in our school contributed something to the disaster in
Various factors contributed to his downfall.
She contributes regularly to a physics journal.
7. put forward 提出，建议；推荐；将…提前
put aside 节省，储蓄，储存
put away 放好，积蓄
put back 放回，拨回
put down 记下，镇压
put in 放入，加进
put off 延期，推迟
put on 穿上，演出
put out 熄灭，扑灭
put through 接通电话
put up 举起，张贴，公布，挂起，建造
eg: She put forward some good proposals for educational reform.
Her name was put forward as the best for the job.
Put the clock forward by 5 minutes.
8. apart from 除…之外；此外
1 除…之外（都） (= except / except for)
2 除…之外（还）；此外 (= besides)
3 与apart相关的词组：
take…apart 将…拆开
tell A and B apart 分辨出A与B
eg: This essay is good apart from a couple of spelling mistakes.
Apart from the occasional visit, what does Alan do for his kids?
I often took some old toy cars apart when I was a child.
9. make sense
make sense of 理解，明白
make no sense 没道理，没意义
there is no sense in doing sth 做…没道理
in a sense 在某一方面；就某种意义来说
in no sense 决不
eg: Can you make any sense of the article at all?
It makes good sense to grow fruit trees on the hillside.
In a sense, learning the law is like learning a language.
In no sense can the issue be said to be resolved.
10. So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.
1 every time引导一个时间状语从句，相当于whenever，意为“每当…”
2 名词词组作连词用，引导时间状语从句的有：every time, each time, any time, the last time, next time, the first time, the moment, the second, the minute, the hour, the day等。
3 引导状语从句的副词有：directly, instantly, immediately等。
eg: Every time I catch a cold, I have pains in my back.
The first time I climbed onto the wall, I felt very nervous.
She let out a cry the moment she saw the snake.
I left immediately the clock struck 5.
练习：
1. Once the price had been agreed, a deal .（很快就达成协议）。
2. The Prime Minister by saying that he was satisfied with his visit in
A. concluded B. conducted
C. convinced D. converted
3. Evidence obtained from observation and experiment is often used to a scientific theory.
A. confirm B. conclude C. consult D. confuse
用defeat, beat与win的适当形式填空
4. He all his opponents in the election.
5. Mary the first prize for swimming.
6. The more one is the English-speaking environment, the better he or she will learn the language.
A. exposed to B. filled in
C. caught on D. kept up
7. They have discovered a new for the disease.
A. treatment B. cure C. way D. method
8. The careless driver is for the traffic accident that yesterday.
A. to blame; happened B. to blame; was happening
C. to be blamed; was happened
D. to be blamed; happed
9. I’m sure your suggestion will solving the problem.
A. contribute B. devote to
C. lead to D. attribute to
10. The State Council has a new economic policy on the benefits of the farmers.
A. put up B. put forward
C. put off D. put out
11. his nose, he’s quite good-looking.
A. Besides B. Apart from
C. Except that D. Now that
12. It doesn’t make to buy that expensive coat when these cheaper ones are just as good.
A. sense B. opinion C. use D. difference
13. Don’t stop you meet with a word you don’t understand.
A. at the time B. each time
C. by the time D. sometimes
14. you talk to someone or write a message, you show your skills to others.
A. At times B. Some time
C. Every time D. The time
Unit 1 Great scientists
1. was quickly concluded 2—3 AA 4. defeated / beat 5. won 6—14 ABAABBABC
