Unit 5 Meeting your ancestors
alternative, interrupt, assume, arrest, regardless of…, cut up, look ahead, fed up with, if only + 句子, had done…when…
1. alternative adj. 供选择的；其他的
n. 可能的选择；选择对象
alternative energy 替代能源
an alternative to… …的替代品
have no alternative but to do sth 别无选择只好做…
There is no alternative… 别无选择
辨析alternative / choice / selection：
1 alternative一般强调在只有两种可能性或行为方式之间进行的选择。如An unhappy alternative is before you. Your mother will never see you again if you do not marry Mr Collins, and I will never see you again if you do.
2 choice泛指从一组人或物中进行的自由选择，指选择，挑选，抉择。如 The store offers a wide choice of fruit and vegetables.
3 selection含有从许多可供选择的人或物中择优选拔的意思。如Parents should be careful in their selection of the movies their young children see.
eg: You have the alternative of marrying or remaining a bachelor.
I offered the alternative suggestions of spending the vacation in the mountains or by the sea.
Do you have an alternative solution to the problem?
2. interrupt
暂时中断或中止
interrupt sb 打断某人讲话或正在做的事
interruption n. 中断，打断
without interruption 不间断地
cut / break into… 打断，插话
put…in 插嘴说，后接插入说的内容
辨析interrupt / disturb：
1 interrupt突然中断、打断他人的言语或行为，使其不能继续。
2 disturb较正式用语，多用被动语态。指扰乱，使人不能平静或妨碍别人工作、思维或正常秩序，使程度较深的烦恼。
eg: Don’t interrupt us; it’s rude.
I’m sorry to interrupt you, but could you tell me the way to the hospital?
While the boys were discussing the car accident, Ben put in that the road was icy.
3. assume v. 假定；设想；假装；承担
assume sb / sth to be 假定 / 假设某人 / 某事为
It is assumed that… …被假定
assumption n. 假定；假设
make an assumption 认为；假定
on the assumption that 假定
assuming that… 假设 / 假定…
辨析assume / guess / imagine：
1 assume假设，设想，认为；指很少或完全无根据的心理推测，并非合乎逻辑的推理，或指为论证而提出有一定根据的假设。
2 guess猜测，猜想，最常用词，指毫无根据仅凭个人主观臆断或碰运气的猜测。
3 imagine想像，指毫无根据、随意想像，可在脑海中构成清晰的明确的图像。
eg: I had assumed him to be a teacher.
I didn’t see your car, so I assumed you’d gone out.
It is generally assumed that stress is caused by too much work.
The court assumed the responsibility for the girl’s welfare.
注：在英语中，有些看上去是现在分词或过去分词的词，实际上可直接用作介词或连词。如considering prep.&conj.“鉴于，考虑到”；including prep.“包括，包含”；supposing conj.“假设，假如”；provided / providing conj.“假设，如果”；concerning prep.“关于”；given prep.“鉴于，考虑到”。
4. arrest n. 逮捕；拘留
vt. 逮捕；吸引
arrest sb for 因…而逮捕某人
get arrested 遭逮捕
arrest one’s attention 引起注意
under arrest 被捕
make an arrest 进行拘捕
eg: He was arrested for stealing cars.
He was placed under house arrest in 1995.
The police expected to make an arrest soon.
5. regardless of… 不管，不顾
regardless of… 不管，不顾 侧重指不计后果或代价
in spite of = despite 不管，不顾；尽管，虽然
in spite of 后不能直接跟从句，但可以接“the fact
despite that…”
eg: They continued to work regardless of the fact that it was raining.
They decorated the house regardless of cost.
All our proposals were rejected, regardless of their merits.
6. cut up 切碎，割碎；使伤心 / 难受
cut into pieces 砍成碎片
cut in 插嘴
cut across 抄近路穿过；横越
cut down 砍倒；缩减
cut…in half / two / into halves 将…切成两半
cut off 切断；割掉；截断（退路等）
cut out 切去，剪去，删去，略去
cut through 刺穿
eg: Cut up the carrot before you put them into the pot.
The baby cannot eat the whole cake. You have to cut it up.
He was really cut up when all his friends refused to help him.
7. look ahead 向前看；为将来打算
look around / round 仔细查看；寻找
look after 照料，照顾；关心；注意
look back 回顾；回想
look down upon / on 歧视，看不起
look forward to 希望，盼望
look on sb as 把某人看作（或当作）
look out 当心；注意
look through 浏览，仔细看
look up 好转，有起色；向上看；查找
look up and down 上下打量
eg: Looking ahead, you all will have a brighter future.
I’ve looked through all my papers but I still can’t find the contract.
He looked ahead in order to find his mother.
8. fed up with 受够了；饱受；厌烦
feed sb / sth on sth 用…喂养…
feed sth to sb / sth 喂…给…
be fed up (with) 讨厌；对…不感兴趣
feed on sth （动物）以…为食；靠…活
live on sth 以…为主食；靠…生活
eg: You can feed these carrots to the rabbits.
People here feed on rice chiefly.
You look really fed up－what’s the matter?
9. If only it could be just like last year!
“if only + 句子”是一个固定句型，表示一种愿望“要是…就好了 / 但愿…！”
1 if only…could / would + do…表示对将来事情的愿望(不用should)
2 if only…did…表示对与目前或现在事实相反的愿望。
3 if only…had done…表示对与过去事实相反的愿望。
eg: If only Mark were here by my side!
If only you had worked with greater care!
If only the whole family could be united during the Spring Festival!
注：注意区分if only与only if：only if是由only后接if条件从句构成，only仅其强调作用，意为“只要”，位于句首时，主句要用部分倒装。
10. She had almost reached her destination when a delicious smell arrested her progress and she stopped.
句中“had done…when…”使一个常用句型，意为“（刚）做完了…就在那时…”
when表示“就在那时”意义时，常见句式及意义如下：
when was / were about to do…when…
正要做…时突然…
had (hardly) done… when刚刚…突然…
eg: I was watching TV when someone knocked at the door.
I was about to go out when the phone rang.
I had just arrived there when he called me up.
练习：
1. They could go by bus or could take the train.
A. firmly B. narrowly C. alternatively D. sharply
2. Oh, you are on the phone. Sorry to you.
A. disturb B. interrupt C. annoy D. break
3. 咱们暂时假设计划成功。
for the moment that the plan succeeds.
4. 他装出一副消息灵通（well-informed）的样子，但实际上他知道很少。
He manner, but in fact he knows very little.
5. The agent was for carrying a false passport.
A. arrested B. accused C. charged D. suspected
6. Tim continued to run, (不顾) our shouts to him that he should return.
7. The goal is to make higher education available to everyone who is willing and capable his financial situation.
A. with reference to B. owing to
C. in terms of D. regardless of
8. 这机器是用来切菜的。
9. 他母亲不得不为他将所有的食物切碎。
10. 他的一根手指在那次事故中被切断了。
11. 我希望玛丽在我们谈话时别老插嘴。
用所给单词的适当形式填空 (12—14)
12. (look) ahead to next summer, where would you like to go?
13. (look, ahead), I think the company needs to develop some new services.
14. Please look the whole plan and let me know what you think.
A. into B. up C. through D. after
15. 人们已经听够了他的牢骚。
16. I’m really this weather－why can’t it be sunny for a change?
A. fed up to B. fed on
C. fed to D. fed up with
17. If only he yesterday.
要是昨天他来了该多好啊！
18. If only I this mistake.
我要是没忽略这个错误就好了。
19. If only I ill today.
我今天要是没病就好了。
20. 我们刚在桌子旁坐下电话铃就响了。
Unit 5 Meeting your ancestors
1—2 CB 3. Let’s assume 4. assumes a well-informed 5. A 6. regardless of 7. D
8. The machine is used for cutting up vegetables.
9. His mother has to cut up all his food for him.
10. One of his fingers was cut off in the accident.
11. I wish Marie would stop cutting in on our conversation.
12. Looking 13. Looking ahead 14. C
15. People are getting fed up with his constant complaints.
16. D
