比较级和最高级及其使用
形容词的比较级和最高级
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说 明 |
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例 词 |
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一般情况 |
加er, est |
smaller,smallest |
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以e 结尾 |
加r,st |
larger,largest |
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单音节词和少数多音节的形容词，加词尾er ,est |
以"辅音字母+y "结尾的词 |
改y为i，再加er,est |
busier,busiest |
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重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母 |
双写末尾辅音字母，加er,est |
fatter,fattest |
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以ow,er结尾的双音节词 |
加er ,est |
narrower,narrowest cleverer,clevest |
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多数双音节和多音节的词 |
加more most |
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more beautiful, most important |
副词的比较级和最高级
1．大多数以ly结尾的副词前加more 和most 来构成比较级和最高级。
2．少数单音节副词，加er,est 构成其比较级和最高级 。
几个特殊的形容词和副词
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原级 |
比较级 |
最高级 |
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good ,well |
better |
best |
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bad, ill, badly |
worse |
worst |
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many ,much |
more |
most |
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little |
less |
least |
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far |
farther, further |
farthest,further |
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old |
older, elder |
oldest, eldest |
比较级和最高级的常用句型
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名称 |
句型 |
例句 |
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相等 |
as 原形 as (as 原形+名词 as ) |
The train travels as fast as the 3:55 train. He has not as much money as his friend. |
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不及 |
not as(so) 原形 as (not as[so ]+名词+原形 as ) |
She is not as (so)beautiful as her sister. |
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比较级+ than |
Health is more important than wealth. |
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超越 |
the +比较级+of the two 两者中较… 的一个 |
He is the taller of the two. |
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用于否定 |
no +比较级+than 和…一样不 |
He is no richer than I. 他和我一样不富有。 |
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用于否定 |
最…不过 |
His work couldn't be worse. 他的工作再糟糕不过了。 |
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程度递增 |
er and er，more and more+多音节词原级 (越来越…) |
higher and higher more and more important |
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两种情况同时变化 |
the +比较级，the+比较级 （越…，越…） |
The quicker you get ready, the sooner we'll be able to leave. |
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三者或三者以上比较 |
the +最高级+of/in+比较范围 （…之中最…） |
Of all things in the world, people are the precious. |
比较级结构的修饰语
1．用于原级之前：
almost, nearly, just, exactly, quite, half , twice,three times , a third,etc.
John is almost as tall as you.
The river is three times as long as that one.
We have a third as many students as we had last term.
2．用于比较级前
many, a few (用于"more +可数名词"前)
It takes many more hours to go there by train than by plane.
a lot, much , a bit, even, a little , still, a great deal, far, rather, two years, ten percent,three times etc.
It's cold this year, but it's even colder last year.
We produced 6% more grain this year than we did last year.
3．用于形容词和最高级前
the very , much the ,by far the ,the first/second
This hat is by far the largest in the world.
Gold is the very most valuable of all materials .
位置与功能
高考重点要求
1．掌握形容词、副词比较级、最高级的常用句型及用法
2．掌握形容词、副词的原级、比较级和最高级修饰语及倍数的比较表达。
3．注意多外形容词修饰同一名词的前后顺序。
4．分清常用同义与近义形容词在表达中的语义差别。
此项语法内容从1991年到达2001年间共出现45次（包括上海题），可见其重要。
形容词作用与位置
1．定语。
在名词前做定语，为最常见用法。请注意多个形容词（含其它起形容词作用的词）做前置定语的顺序。
"县官行令杀国才。"这一句就概述了形容词顺序问题。即：
限（冠词[物主代词、指示代词]数词等）观 （描绘） 形（大小、形状等） 龄 （年龄、新旧等）色（色彩）国（国籍、出处等）材（材料、功用等）
an interesting English film a heavy black Chinese silk umbrella
做后置定语。修饰由不定代词no ,any, some ，every和one,thing等构成的复合词或形容词短语。
2．表语。一定要注意系动词的出现情况。这是一个高考热点问题。
常见系动词有：be
变化系词： become, get ,turn, grow, go
保持系词： keep ,remain, stay
感观系词： look, smell , taste, feel, sound,appear , seem ,prove etc.
3.形容词作状语，表状况、原因、结果等。这也是应注意的一点。
He went to bed , cold and hungry.
4.做宾补。
N：①某些以a 开始的形容词只做表语，不做定语。
afraid, alike, alone, asleep ,awake，alive
②某些表身体健康状况的形容词只能做表语,不做定语
well, ill faint
③某些以-ly 结尾的词是形容词而不是副词。
friendly, lively, lovely, lonely, likely, deadly, orderly 等。
④复合形容词的形式问题。
an 800-meter-wide river an English-speaking country a middle-aged man
副词
位置
1）时间副词和地点副词一般放于句尾。如同时出现，则地点副词在前。
They went boating in Zhongshan Park yesterday.
2)表频率的时间副词是高考的热点
always, seldom, often, never, rarely, usually 等，通常放于行为动词之前，be词、情态动词和助动词之 后。
He is always telling lies,so I will never believe him.
3)程度副词一般放在被修饰词之前（但 enough除外）
He is very young ,so he is not old enough to go to school.
N:有些副词有两种形式，一个与形容词同形，一个以ly 结尾，但它们的含义是不同的。
closely-close nearly-near freely-free deeply-deep highly-high widely-wide 等。
以ly 结尾的词表较为抽象的含义，而与形容词同形的副词则表较为具体的概念。
He is highly praised for what he has done. (高度地)
He can see a bird is flying high in the sky.（飞得高，具有可见性）
