【高一同步教程】高中英语必修3 Unit 1 Festivals around the world知识点精讲

目标认知
【重点词汇】
mean，starve，celebrate，satisfy，honour／honor，gain，award，marry，remind，harm
【重点短语】
set off，turn up，dress up，hold one’s breath，take place
【重点句型】
1．make +宾语+宾语补足语
2. with +宾语+宾语补足语的复合结构
3. 过去分词作后置定语和as if /as though 引导的从句
4. 感官动词+宾语+宾补的用法

知识点讲解
【重点词汇】
1. admire
[原句回放] China and Japan have mid-term festivals, when people admire the moon and in China, enjoy the moon cakes.
1）钦佩，赞美 [常用结构] admire sb./sth. (for sth.)
I admire your courage. (=I admire you for your courage.)
2) 欣赏，观赏
We stopped halfway to admire the view.
2. apologize
[原句回放] Well, he was not going to hold his breath for her to apologize.
1）[常用结构] apologize to sb. for sth.
Yesterday Michael apologized to her for his being late.
2）apology (n.) [常用结构] make an apology to sb. for sth.
I must make an apology to him for not going to his party.
3. forgive (forgave; forgiven) (vt.) 宽恕；原谅
[原句回放] She would never forgive him.
[常用结构] forgive sth.; forgive sb. (for sth/doing sth)
I'll never forgive her for what she  did. 
I can't forgive that type of behavior.
It’s best to forgive and forget.
4. mean v. 意欲，打算，意味
[原句回放] Festivals are meant to celebrate important times of year．
[常用结构]
1）sb. / sth. be meant／intended to do某人／某物专门被用来做……
2）sb. /sth. be meant／intended for打算使某人/某物为……所用／做……
3）mean sb. to do sth．打算让某人做某事
4）mean sb. for…打算让某人成为……
His father meant him to be an engineer．他父亲打算让他当工程师。
He was never meant for a teacher．＝He was never meant to be a teacher．他根本就不是当老师的料。
[拓展]
1）mean something／nothing to sb．对某人来说有价值／无价值
2）What do sb. mean by…? 某人做……是什么意思?(表示抗议或生气)
3）mean to do打算做
4）mean doing意味着
These symbols mean nothing to me．这些符号对我来说毫无意义。
What did he mean by saying that? 他那样说是什么意思?
I’m sorry I hurt you．I didn’t mean to．对不起，我伤害了你，我不是故意的。
[温馨提示]  mean还可用作形容词，意为“吝啬的，小气的，卑贱的”。
5. starve
[原句回放]At that time people would starve if food was difficult to find ---
1）vi. 挨饿，饿死
They got lost in the desert and starved to death．他们在沙漠中迷路并饿死了。
[常用结构] starve for＝be starved for／of渴望得到，迫切需要
The patient’s brain was starved for oxygen．那个病人的大脑缺氧。
2）vt. 使……挨饿；使……饿死
She’s starving herself to lose we ight．为了减肥，她饿着自己。
[拓展] starvation n. 饥饿，饿死
6. celebrate vt. 庆祝；赞扬，赞美
[原句回放] Festivals are meant to celebrate important times of year．
[常用结构] celebrate a victory/success 庆祝胜利／成功
Their courage was celebrated in all the newspapers．所有的报纸都颂扬了他们的勇气。
[拓展]
1）celebration n. 庆祝，庆典
in celebration of为了庆祝……
have / hold a celebration 举行庆祝会/庆典
2）celebrated(＝famous) adj. 著名的，驰名的
The party Was in celebration of my parents’ silver wedding．聚会是为庆祝我父母的银婚。
a celebrated actress / writer 著名的女演员/作家
7. satisfy  vt. 使满足，使满意
[原句回放] Some festivals are held to honour the dead or to satisfy the ancestors，who might return either to help or to do harm．
[常用结构]
1）satisfy one’s need/demand 满足某人的需要/要求[来源:学科网]
2）satisfy one’s curiosity 满足某人的好奇心
3）satisfy one’s fears/doubts 消除某人的恐惧/疑虑
Have I satisfied you with my answer? 我的回答你满意吗?
[拓展]
1）to one’s satisfaction使某人满意的是
2）be satisfied with... 对……感到满意
3）be satisfied to do sth. 做某事感到满意
4）a satisfied smile 满意的笑容
5）a satisfying meal 一顿令人满意的饭
I wasn’t satisfied with our treatment at that hotel，so I shall complain to the proprietor．
我不满意我们在那家旅馆受到的待遇，因此我要向旅馆老板投诉。
Are you satisfied to teach in a senior school? 你满足于在中学教书吗?
8. honour/honor
[原句回放] Some festivals are held to honor the dead or to satisfy the ancestors，who might return either to help or to do harm．
1）v. (＝show great respect for sb./sth.；give public praise to sb. ) 向某人或某物致敬；表扬某人
Will you honor me with a visit? 如蒙光临，十分荣幸。
He was honored for his courage in battle.
2）n.
a．光荣；荣幸
It is a great honor to be invited. 承蒙邀请，十分荣幸。
b．荣誉；名誉
During the postwar in Germany，many honors were given to Einstein．
战后，爱因斯坦在德国获得了不少荣誉。
c．崇敬；公众表示的敬意
The young should show/pay/give honor to those who are older than them．年轻人应该尊重年长者。
[拓展]
1）in honor of 为向……表示尊敬；为了纪念
2）do honor to sb．＝do sb. honor向某人表示敬意
May I have the honor of doing／to do sth....? (极客气的问话)我有此荣幸去做……吗?
A ceremony was held in the square in honor of those killed in battle．
为纪念阵亡将士在广场上举行了一个仪式。
Many people lined the street to do honor to the president． 许多人沿街排列，向总统表示敬意。
To whom do I have the honor of speaking? 能和你谈话十分荣幸，请问尊姓大名?
9. gain
[原句回放] ... the leader who helped gain India’s independence from Britain. ……他是帮助印度脱离英国而独立的领袖。
1）vt. 获得，赢得；得到(好处)
I’m new on the job，but I am gaining experience．我干这工作是新手，但我正在积累经验。
2）v. (表)走得快
My watch gains two minutes every day．我的手表每天快两分钟。
3）n. 获得，收益
No pains，no gains．(谚语)不劳无获。
[易混辨析] gain/win/earn辨析
1）gain指需要付出很大的努力，或通过劳动、竞争、斗争等才能得到。
2）win指在较强的竞争中取得胜利，赢得某物；其后常接game，war，prize，fame，battle，medal等。
3）earn后通常接金钱、报酬、谋生、地位等，暗示获得物与所花的力气相互 成比例。
10. award
[原句回放] Some people might win awards for their farm produce...
1）n. 奖品；奖金；奖状
win / receive an award得奖
She showed US the athletics awards she had won. 她让我们看她获得的体育运动奖。
2）vt. 颁奖；授奖 award sb. for/as... ＝sb. be awarded for/as... 某人因／作为……而得奖
The school awarded Mary a prize for her good work．学校因玛丽出色的工作而给她颁奖。
3）vt. 裁定；判决
The judge awarded a large sum of money to those hurt by the fire．
法官判给那些因火灾而受伤的人一大笔钱。
[易混辨析] award/reward辨析
1）award 奖金，奖品。
2）re ward“报酬，酬金，酬劳”，侧重由于付出努力和劳动而得到的回报或酬劳。
His horse was given the highest award at the show．他的马在展览会上赢得最高奖。
It’s a reward for your kindness．这是对你的好心的回报。
[拓展]
1）as a reward for作为对……的回报/报答
2）the first reward  一等奖
3）be awarded the prize for sth.  因某事儿而得奖
4）award a lot of money to sb.  奖给某人很多钱
11. marry  v. 结婚
[原句回放] When the Goddess of Heaven knew that her granddaughter was married to a human。she became very angry and made the weaving girl return to Heaven．
[常用结构]
1）marry sb. (＝get/be married to sb.)同某人结婚[来源:学科网ZXXK]
2）be married已婚的
[拓展] 他们结婚十年了。
They got married ten years ago．(√)
They have been married for ten years．(√)
It is/has been ten years since they got married．(√)
They’ve married for ten years．(×)
12. remind vt．提醒，使想起
[原句回放] I don’t want them to remind me of her．(Iy7)我不想因它们使我想起她。
[常用结构]
1）remind sb. of 使某人想起
2）remind sb. about... 提醒某人关于……
3）remind sb. + that 从句使某人想起
4）remind sb. to do  sth. 提醒某人去做某事
5）remind sb．of doing sth．提醒某人已做过某事
This song reminds me of France．这首歌使我想起了法国。
Remind me to answer that letter．提醒我回复那封信。
Please remind me that I must call her up before nine．请提醒我九点前必须给她打个电话。
13. harm  n. & vt. 损伤，伤害；危害
[原句回放]Some festivals are held to honor the dead or to satisfy the ancestors，who might return either to help or to do harm．
[常用结构]
1）harm sb. / sth. ＝ do harm to sb. / sth. 伤害某人/物
2）be harmful to 对……有害
It will harm no one at all．它绝不会伤害任何人。
[拓展]  mean no harm  并无恶意
       out of harm’s way 在安全的地方
[温馨提示]
harm指对人或物的伤害或损坏；侧重身体或心理上的伤害。

【重点短语】
1. set off
[原 句回放] As Li Fang set off for home... (P7)当李方回家的时候……
1）出发，动身
set off for the station动身去车站[来源:学_科_网]
We set off very early the next morning．我们第二天一大早就出发了。
2）引发，引爆
set off the bomb引爆炸弹
2. turn up
[原句回放] But she didn’t turn up．(P7)但她没来。
1）出场，露面
Something good will turn up．
We planned to meet at half past seven，but she never turned up．我们约好七点半见面，但她根本没来。
2）(被)发现，(被)找到
The letter turned up finally．
3）调高(音量、热量等)
turn up the radio
[拓展]
1）turn down把……调低，关小
2）turn off关闭
3）turn over (使)翻身
4）turn out结果是，证明是
[温馨提示] turn out不能用于被动结构。
3. dress up
[原句回放] It is now a children’s festival，when they can dress up and go to their neighbors’ homes to ask for sweets．(P2)万圣节如今成了日，这天他们可以乔装打扮去邻居家要糖吃。
1）化妆，打扮
She like to dress up for a party．她喜欢化好妆后去参加晚会。
2）掩饰，(比喻)修饰
The facts are quite clear；it’s no use trying to dress them up．事实很清楚，极力掩饰是没用的。
[拓展]
1）dress(sb. / oneself) in+衣服/颜色  给别人/自己穿……
2）dress sb. / onese lf as... 把别人/自己打扮成……
3）sb. be dressed in 某人穿着……
He always dresses himself in dark brown．＝He is always dressed in dark brown．
他总是穿着深棕色的衣服。
4. hold one’s breath
[原句回放] Well，he was not going to hold his breath for her to apologize．(P7)他不想屏息等她来道歉。
[点拨] hold one’s breath屏息
Hold your breath and count to ten．屏住呼吸，数到十。
[拓展]
1）lose one’s breath喘不过气来
2）out of breath上气不接下气
3）short of breath呼吸困难
4）take a deep breath(＝breathe deeply)深呼吸
5. take place
[原句回放] Discuss when they take place，what they celebrate and what people do at that time．(P1)讨论它们什么时候举行, 庆祝的内容以及人们在那时做些什么。
[点拨] take place发生，举行，进行
When will the basketball game take place? 篮球赛何时举行?
[拓展]
1）take the place of... 代替……
2）take one’s place代替某人；就座
3）take(the) first place居首位，得第一
Nowadays plastics have taken the place of many materials．现在塑料已代替了许多材料。
[易混辨析] take place/happen/occur/come about/break out辨析
1）take place表示按照事先的安排或计划发生，多指运动、变化、进步、会议或婚礼等的发生或举行。
2）happen 指偶然或意外发生。
3）occur 正式用语，表示偶然发生或按计划使某物发生或产生效果。occur to 表示“想起，想到”。
4）come about 既可以表达正面事情的发生，也可以表达负面事情的发生。
5）break out 仅用于负面事物，指战争、火灾、 疾病、地震等突然发生。
【重点句型】
1. make +宾语+宾语补足语
[原句回放] When the Goddess of Heaven knew that her granddaughter was married to a human. she became very angry and made the weaving girl return to Heaven．(P7)当王母娘娘知道自己的外孙女和一个凡人结了婚,她勃然大怒，强行把织女带回到天宫。
[点拨] 句中含有make +宾语+宾语补足 语结构，在该句中常用来做宾语补足语的词有：名词、形容词、不定式短语（主动语态中不带to）、介词短语和过去分词等。
The boss made him work day and night. 那个老板使他们日夜工作。
（被动形式：They were made to work day and night.）
The parents managed to make their son examined in the hospital.
那对父母设法使他们的儿子在医院接受了检查。
Too much food made him ill．吃得太多让他生病了。
2. with +宾语+宾语补足语的复合结构
[原句回放] on this important feast day, people eat food in the shape of skulls and cakes with “bones” on them. 在这个重要的节日里，人们会吃制成颅骨形状的食物和装点有骨头的蛋糕。
[点拨] with “bones” on them  为with 的复合结构，即“with+宾语+宾补”，在此结构中，介词短语on them 作宾补。除此之外，还可以用形容词，副词，动词的ing形式，介词，不定式等来作宾补。
With the problem settled, they went back to work. 问题解决后，他们又回去工作了。
With so much work to do, Tom has no time to have a rest.
有这么多工作要做，汤姆没有时间休息一下。
You mustn’t sit with your feet pointing another person. 你不可以坐着把脚翘起来对着别人。
3. 过去分词作后置定语和as if/as though 引导的从句
[原句回放] The country，covered with cherry tree flowers，looks as though it is covered with pink snow．(P2)整个国度到处是盛开的樱花，看上去就像覆盖了一层粉红色的雪。
1）covered with cherry tree flowers为过去分词短语作后置定语，相当于一个定语从句which is covered with cherry tree flowers。
Admired for his bravery，Tom felt proud．因为勇敢而得到了赞赏，汤姆感到很自豪。
2）as though/if 好像
as though/if 引导的从句一般用虚拟语气，但如果从句中所陈述的情况很可能实现，可用陈述语气。
He treats her as if she were an angel．(虚拟语气) 他把她当天使一样对待。
  It looks as if it is going to rain．(陈述语气) 看来要下雨了。
4. 感官动词加+宾语+宾补的用法
[原句回放] As he sadly passed the tea shop on the corner on his  way home，he heard a voice calling him．(P7)在回家的路上，他神情失落地走过拐角处的一家茶馆。听到有人叫他的名字。
1）hear/see/watch/notice/find + 宾语(sb.) + doing 听见/看见/注意到/发现某人正在做……
2）hear/see/watch/notice/find + 宾语(sb./sth.) + done 听见/看见/注意到/发现某人/物被……
3）hear/see/watch/notice + 宾语(sb./sth.) + do 听见/看见/注意到/发现某人/物做了……
  I heard someone laughing．我听见有人在笑。
  I saw Tom go to the library．我看见汤姆去图书馆了。
[温馨提示]
“hear/see/watch/notice + 宾语(sb./sth.) + do”变为被动语态为：sb./sth. + be heard/seen/watched/noticed + to do