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目标认知
【重点词汇】
diet, balance, offer, serve, discount, glare, consider, operate, combine, tired, hurry, frustrate, limit
【重点短语】
cut down, in debt, earn one’s living
【重点句型】
1. nothing could be better…
2. Why don't you do...？
3. have sb. doing sth.
知识点讲解
【重点单词】
1. balance
[原句回放]What will happen to ---?
you if you don’t eat a balanced diet？
[点拨]
1）用作名词
(1) [U]平衡
lose/keep one’s balance
be off balance
sense of balance
(2) [U, sing]平衡;均衡
Pesticides seriously upset the balance of nature.
(3) [C]天平，秤
Weigh it on the balance.
(4) [C usu sing] 收支差额，余额
My bank balance isn’t good.
2）用作动词
(1) [vt./vi.]（使…)保持平衡
How long can you balance on one foot?
Balancing my cup of coffee in one hand, I managed to open the door.
(2) [
to balance an account
2. upset (upset, upset, upsetting)
[原句回放] I don’t want to upset you, but I found your menu so limited that I stopped worrying and started advertising the benefits of my food.
[点拨]
1）[adj.]不快的，心烦意乱的，烦恼的
be upset (with sb.) (by/about/at sth.)
She was really upset about the way her father treated her.
2）[vt.] (upset, upset) 弄翻；使心烦意乱
Don’t do anything that would upset him.
He upset a bowl of soup.
3. benefit
[原句回放] I don’t want to upset you, but I found your menu so limited that I stopped worrying and started advertising the benefits of my food.
[点拨]
1）[vt.] 有益于 sth. benefit sb.
These facilities have benefited the whole town.
2）[vi.]受益，得到好处 sb. benefit from sth.
He hasn't benefited from the experience.
3）[n.] 好处，益处，帮助
（1）be of benefit to =be beneficial to…
The new regulations will be of great benefit (=be highly beneficial) to us all.
（2）for the benefit of =for the benefit of sb.
The money is to be used for the benefit of the poor.
4. diet [n.] 饮食，节食
[原句回放] Everybody has to eat，but do you eat a healthy diet? (P9)每个人都必须吃饭，但是你吃得健康吗?
[常用结构]
1）be/go on a diet在节食
2）diet sb. ＝put sb. on a diet限制某人的饮食
The doctor says I’ve got to go on a diet．医生说我必须节食。
The doctor has dieted the patient strictly．医生严格规定病人的饮食。
[拓展]
1）a balanced diet 一份平衡饮食
2）put sb. on a diet 使某人节食
3）diet drinks 低热量饮料
5. balance [ n. & v.] 平衡
[原句回放] What will happen to you if you don’t eat a balanced diet?(P9)如果你没有吃平衡的膳食会出现什么情况?
[常用结构]
1）keep the balance 保持平衡
2）lose one’s balance 失去平衡
3）out of balance 失去平衡
4）in the balance 不能确定的，尚未决定的
Try to achieve a better balance between work and play．争取把工作和娱乐更好地结合起来。
She cycled too fast round the corner，lost her balance and fell off．
她拐弯时骑得太快，失去平衡摔倒了。
[拓展]
1）balance the income and expense使收支平衡
2）balance A against B 权衡重要性
3）a balanced diet一种平衡的饮食
6. offer
[原句回放] What special food of your place would you offer them? (P9)你要给他们提供当地的什么特色食品?
[点拨]
1）[v.] 提供，出价，提议
offer sb. sth. ＝offer sth. to sb. 向某人提供某物
offer to do提议做……
2）[n.] 出价，提议
an offer of ￡100 出价100英镑
The company offered the job to someone else．公司把这项工作给别人了。
We accepted his offer．我们接受了他的提议。
7. serve服务(役)，任(职)；提供(饭菜)
[原句回放] At the library Wang Peng was surprised to find that his restaurant served far too much fat and Yong Hui’s far too little．(P10)在图书馆，王鹏吃惊地发现。他餐馆的食物脂肪含量太高，而雍慧餐馆的食物脂肪含量又太少。
[常用结构]
1）serve sb. 招待某人；为某人服务
2）serve as a driver当司机(指职业)
3）serve the dinner提供饭菜
Have all the guests been served(with) food and drink?给所有的客人都上了饭菜饮品了吗?
We serve coffee in the shop．我们店有咖啡奉客。
[拓展]
1）serve sb. with sth. 相当于serve sth. to sb. 拿出某物款待某人；供给某人某物
2）serve ... as...
8. discount [n. & v.] 折扣，打折；将……打折扣；不全相信，漠视，低估
[原句回放] Perhaps with a discount and a new sign he could win his customers back．(P10)也许打点折、写个新的标牌，能够赢回他的顾客。
They were selling everything at a discount．他们销售的所有商品都打折。
You can discount what Jack said：he’s a dreadful liar．杰克说的话你不必当真，他可是个说谎大王。
In his plans，he discounted the expense．
[拓展]
1）at a discount 打折扣，减价
2）get/give/offer a discount得到/给予/提供折扣
9. glare
[原句回放] She did not look happy but glared at him．(P14)雍慧瞪着他，看上去不太高兴。
1）vi. 发出刺目的强光
The sun glared down on the ice．强烈的光照射在冰上。
2）n. 眩目的光
He had to wear sunglasses because of the glare of the sun．因为阳光耀眼，他只好戴墨镜。
3）glaring adj. 耀眼的
4）glare at 怒视
They stopped arguing and glared at each other．他们停止了争论，怒视着对方。
[拓展]易混辨析
1）glare at怒视
2）stare at注视，盯着看
3）glance at瞥一眼
10. consider[v.] 认为，考虑
[原句回放] So when I consider the food，the cars and the jobs…(P52)所以，当我考虑食品、汽车以及工作的时候……
[常用结构]
1）consider sb. as... 把某人看作……
2）consider sb. /sth. (to be)+n. /adj. 认为某人/某物……
We consider this (to be) very important．我们认为这非常重要。
3）consider(doing) sth. 考虑(做)某事
We are considering going to Canada．我们正考虑到加拿大去。
[拓展] consideration n. 考虑
1）under consideration 考虑中
2）take sth. into consideration(=consider sth．)考虑某事
3）considerate adj. 考虑周到的
It was considerate of you not to play the piano while I was asleep．
在我睡觉时你不弹钢琴，真是体贴入微。
4）considerable adj. 相当的，重要的，可观的
11. operate [ v. ]运转；操作；做手术
[原句回放] In America．McDonald’s does not allow workers’ unions to operate in its restaurants…(P52)在美国，麦当劳不允许餐馆有工会运转……
[点拨]
This machine operates night and day．这台机器日夜运转。
operate a machine开机器
operate a factory经营一家工厂
[常用结构]
operate on sb. =do an operation on sb．给某人做手术
[拓展]
1）operating system操作系统
2）operating table手术台
12. combine [v.] (使)联合；(使)结合
[原句回放] Perhaps we ought to combine our ideas…(P15)也许我们应该把我们的想法结合起来……
[常用结构]
1）combine with sth．同……结合成一体
2）combine A and B 合并A和B／使A和B合成一体
3）combine A with B A同 B组合
to form water
Hydrogen combines with oxygen
氢和氧结合成水。
Combine the eggs with a little flour and heat the mixture gently．
把鸡蛋和少量面粉混合在一起轻轻加热。
13. tired [adj.] 疲惫的，厌倦的
[原句回放]Tired of all that fat? (P10)肥腻的东西吃厌了吗?
I’m tired of his silly questions．我厌倦了他那些愚蠢的问题。
He got tired from reading．他看书看累了。
[常用结构]
1）be/get tired of对……感到厌倦
2）be/get tired from doing因做……而疲劳
3）be/get tired with sth．因……而疲劳
[拓展]
1）tiring adj. 令人疲惫的
2）tiresome adj. 令人厌倦的
3）tire sb. out 使某人精疲力竭
14. hurry [v. ＆ n]. 匆忙
[原句回放] Suddenly he saw his friend Li Chang hurrying by．(P10)突然间，他看到他的朋友李昌匆匆地走过。
Don’t hurry：there’s plenty of time．别着急，时间还有很多。
[常用结构]
1）hurry up赶快
I wish the train would hurry up and come．我希望列车快点到来。
2）hurry sb. /sth. up 使某人／某事物加快速度／快速行动
3）hurry to a place匆忙去某地
4）hurry by从旁边匆匆经过
5）hurry off匆匆离开
[拓展]
1）in a hurry(＝hurriedly，quickly)迅速地，急忙地
He was in a hurry to leave．他急匆匆地离开了。
2）be in a hurry to do sth. (＝be eager to do sth．)急于做某事
3）be in no hurry to do sth．不急于做某事；不愿意做某事
15. frustrate [
[原句回放]Wang Peng sat in his empty restaurant feeling very frustrated．(P10)王鹏坐在空荡荡的餐馆里，感到十分沮丧。
[常用结构]
1）frustrate sb. 使某人受挫败；扰乱/阻挠某人
The terrible weather frustrated our hopes of going out．恶劣的天气使我们外出的愿望无法实现。
2）sb. be frustrated by... 某人因……而灰心/沮丧
He was frustrated by repeated failures．他因一再失败而灰心丧气。
[拓展]
1）frustrated adj. 灰心丧气的，沮丧的
2）frustrating adj. 使人讨厌的；使人灰心的
16. limit
[原句回放]... but I found your menu so limited that I stopped worrying and started advertising the benefits of my food．(P14)……但我发现你的菜单上的菜如此有限，我就不担心了，并且开始为我的食物的益处做宣传了。
[点拨]
1）[v.] 限制，限定 limit... to... 把……限制在/到……
I shall limit myself to three aspects of the subject．我仅探讨这一问题的三个方面。
2）[n.] 限度
set a limit to/on sth．设定对某事的限度
the limit of one’s patience某人忍耐的限度
within limits适度地；有限度地
without limits无限地
go/beyond/over the limit超过限度
There’ s a limit to how much I’m prepared to spend．我准备花多少钱是有限度的。
3）limited adj. 有限的，不多的
The amount of money we have is limited．我们的钱有限。
We had only limited communion with the natives．我们与当地人的交往很有限。
[拓展]
1）set a limit to/on...对……规定限度
2）limit ... to... 把……限定在……范围之内
3）without limit 查过限度
4）beyond the limit 超过限度
5）within limits 适度地；有限度地
【重点短语】
1. cut down
[原句回放] In this way they cut down the fat and increased the fibre in the meal．(P15)这样，他们减少了饭菜中的脂肪含量，增加了纤维素。
[点拨]
1）砍伐
cut down a tree砍倒一棵树
2）削减，降低
cut down one’s expenses削减某人的开支
[易混辨析]
1）cut up切碎，割碎，使伤心
2）cut down砍倒，减少
3）cut in打断(谈话)，插嘴
4）cut out(=stop functioning)不再起作用，停止运转
One of the aircraft’s engines cut out．飞机的一个发动机失灵了。
5）cut off切断；使隔绝
The army was cut off from its base．那支部队与基地失去了联系。
2. in debt 负债
[原句回放] He did not look forward to being in debt…(P14)他不希望负债……
It’s much easier to get into debt than to get out of debt．借债容易还债难。
[拓展]
1）get/run into debt负债，借债
2）out of debt不欠债
3）pay off the debt还清债务
4）be in sb. ’s debt/in debt to sb．欠某人的债，受某人的恩惠
3. earn one’s living 谋生，度日= make one’s living
[原句回放] Perhaps he would be able to earn his living after all…(P14)也许他仍然能够谋生……
He left his office job to try to make a living on the land．他辞去了办公室的工作，努力以务农为生。
[拓展]
1）“谋生，度日”的表示方法：
earn one’s bread
make the pot boil
keep the pot boiling
2）earn one’s respect 赢得某人的尊敬
3）earn one’s confidence 赢得某人的自信
【重点句型】
1. nothing could be better…
[原句回放]“Nothing could be better”he thought.他想：“再没有比这更好吃的了”
[点拨]
1）形容词的比较级与否定代词nothing连用，表达最高级含义。有此用法的常用否定词有no，not，never，hardly，nobody，nothing等。
There's nothing better than a hot shower in the morning.没有什么比早晨洗个热水澡更好的了。[朗文]
Nothing gives me more pleasure than listening to Mozart.
再没有比听莫扎特的乐曲更让我高兴的事了。[牛津]
2）表示最高级意义的几种特殊结构：
never＋比较级
nothing/no＋so＋原级＋as...
nothing/no＋比较级＋than...
3）比较级＋
than＋
4）can/could＋not/never＋be＋enough/too＋形容词/副词
2. Why don't you do...？
[原句回放]Why don’t you sit down and try a meal? 你为什么不坐下来吃顿饭呢？
[点拨]
1）Why don't you do...？＝Why not do...？“为什么不……？”常用来表示委婉地提出建议。
Why not make your own Christmas cards instead of buying them?
为什么不自己做圣诞卡而要去买呢？[朗文]
—Let's go to the cinema.——咱们去看电影吧。
— Why not ？——好哇。[牛津]
Why not come and join us?为什么不加入到我们当中来呢？
2）Why not？“为什么不？”用在简略回答中，表示同意甚至非常赞同。
[拓展]“ why +动词原形”表示责备、不赞成。
Why quarrel with him? 为什么要跟他吵架呢？
3．have sb. doing sth.
[原句回放]He could not have Yong Hui getting away with telling people lies! (P10)他可不能让雍慧哄骗人们却不受惩罚!
[点拨] have sb. doing sth. 让某人出于某种状态之中，have 为使役动词。
I won’t have you smoking at this age.
[辨析] have sb./sth. doing; have sb. do sth.; have sth. done与have sth. to do
1）have sb./sth. doing 中宾语与宾语补足语之间是主谓关系，强调doing 这一动作持续进行或“使某人或某物处于某种状态”。
The workers have that machine running all day. 工人们让那台机器整天运转。
2）have sb. do sth. 中宾语与宾语补足语是逻辑上的主谓关系，强调这一具体的动作。
I had him go out to see what was happening outside? 我让他出去看看外面发生了什么事？
3）have sth. done 中宾语与宾语补足语是逻辑上的动宾关系，表示“让别人做某事”
He had his bad tooth pulled out yesterday. 他昨天找人拔了那颗坏牙。
4）have sth. to do 中to do 为不定式短语作后置定语。
I’m busy now, for I have a lot of papers to type. 我现在很忙，因为我有很多文件要打。
