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Unit 2 Cloning
undertake, object, forbid, owe, bother, resist, pay off, in favour of, be bound to do sth
1. undertake (undertook, undertaken) vt. 着手；从事；承担
undertake a task 承担任务
undertake to do sth 同意、答应或着手做某事
undertake that-clause 保证…
undertaking n. 任务；事业；企业
eg: She undertook the organization of the whole scheme.
He undertook to finish the job by Friday.
I can undertake that you will enjoy the trip.
2. object vi. 不赞成；反对
n. 物体；目标
object to (sb / sth) 反对（某人 / 某事）
object to doing sth 反对做某事
objection n. 反对；不赞成
have / take / make an objection to (doing) sth
对…表示反对
raise an objection to sth 对…提出异议
objective adj. 真实的；客观的；无偏见的
eg: We object to being treated like this.
I objected that he was too young for the position.
My main objection to the plan is that it costs too much.
注：object表示“反对”，为不及物动词，接宾语后需加介词to；oppose表示“反对”，为及物动词，接宾语后不需加介词to。be opposed to…表示“反对…；和…相反”。
3. forbid (forbade, forbidden) vt. 禁止；不准
forbid sb to do sth 禁止某人做某事
forbid doing sth 禁止做某事
forbid that… 禁止… (从句中常用should+动词原形)
forbid sb sth 禁止某人某事
forbid sb from doing 禁止某人做…
It’s forbidden to do sth 做某事是禁止的
Forbidden City 紫禁城
eg: The new law forbids smoking in offices.
Their father forbade them to go.
I forbid that you (should) enter the room.
4. owe v. 欠（账、钱、人情等）；应该向…付出；
应该把…归功于
owe…to… 欠…；把…归功于；应感激
owe…to…for… 因…欠
owe sb sth (= owe sth to sb) 欠某人某物
owing adj. 欠的；未付的
owing to… 因为；由于
eg: He owes his success more to luck than to ability.
He owes $50 to his friend.
Owing to the rain, the match was cancelled.
5. bother vt. 打扰 vi. 操心
n. 烦扰；令人烦恼的事或人
bother sb with / about sth 为某事打扰或麻烦某人
bother about / with sth 为某事烦恼
bother to do / doing 操心做某事
It bothers sb that / to do sth 使某人苦恼的是…
辨析bother / disturb / trouble / annoy：
这组词都表示“使人不得安宁”或“心烦意乱”。
1 bother指干扰别人的正常生活和工作而使之不太安宁，可能是故意的；含有使人讨厌的意味。
2 disturb指使人失去正常秩序而一时得不到安宁，精力不能集中，语气比bother弱。
3 trouble常指在心情上失去平静而感到忧虑、苦恼或行动上带来不便，也常用于礼貌的请求。
4 annoy通常指重复性的行为使（别人）生气。常用被动，表示为某事烦恼、生气。
eg: I don’t want to bother you with my problems.
What’s troubling you—money problems?
These flies are annoying me.
6. resist vt. 抵抗；忍住(多与cannot，couldn’t连用)
be hard / impossible to resist 难以拒绝
resist sb / sth 抵抗 / 抵制某人 / 某物
can’t / couldn’t resist doing sth 禁不住干某事
resist doing sth 抵制干某事
resistant adj. 抵抗的；有抵抗力的
be resistant to 对…有抵抗力的
resistance n. 拒绝；反对
eg: He is in good health—he is able to resist diseases.
I couldn’t resist having a look at her diary.
There has been a lot of resistance to this new law.
7. pay off 得到好结果；取得成功；偿清
pay sth off 全部偿还；偿清（债务）
pay sb for sth = pay sth to sb for sth 付钱给某人作为…的费用
pay for sth 为某事吃苦头或受惩罚
pay back 还钱；报复
pay a price for… 为所得付出代价
eg: They took a hell of a risk but it paid off.
Can you lend me $10? I’ll pay you back on Friday.
I’ll make her pay for ruining my chances!
8. in favour of 赞成；支持
be in / out of favour (with sb) = be in / out of sb’s favour
得到 / 失去某人的尊重、赞同等
in sb’s favour 对某人有利
in favour 赞同的；流行的；得宠的
out of favour 失宠的；不流行的
do sb a favour = do a favour for sb 帮某人忙
owe sb a favour 欠某人情
favour sb with sth 为某人做某事
eg: Could you do me a favour and turn off the light?
Could you do me the favour to pick up Sam from school today?
She’s not in favour with the media just now.
9. be bound to do sth 一定做某事；
有责任或义务做某事
be bound up in sth 忙于某事；热衷于某事物
be bound up with sth 与某事物关系密切
be bound for… 去；准备去…
eg: You’ve done so much work that you’re bound to pass the exam.
I feel bound to tell you that you’re drinking too much!
We are bound for home.
10. Then came the disturbing news that Dolly had become seriously ill.
此句中的that引导的从句为同位语从句，that仅其连接作用，无意义。
1 常见的后接同位语从句的抽象名词有：fact, news, hope, truth, idea, suggestion, thought, question, order, problem, belief, fear等。
2 同位语从句常用that引导，也可由连接代词who, what, whose, which，连接副词 how, when, where, why或连词 whether来引导。
eg: He had no idea when she would come back.
The thought that Lao Li would open a restaurant in
He got a message from Mr Johnson that the manager could not see him that afternoon.
11. The great drawback to cloning a group of animals is that they would all have the same arrangement of genes and so might die of the same illness.
本句中that引导的从句为表语从句，that仅起连接作用，在从句中不充当任何成分，表语从句主要有以下两种类型：
1 be + 从句
2 be 以外的系动词(seem / look / appear / sound / taste / feel / remain等) + 从句
eg: The problem is how we can find him.
It looks as if it is going to rain.
It sounds as if you are from
练习：
1. The new laboratories will be constructed this year, and local firms have been asked to the work.
A. assign B. manufacture C. provide D. undertake
2. I enjoyed school. But I did to having to go to school every day once we’ve done all our exams.
A. object B. oppose C. turn D. help
3. 禁止践踏草地。
4. 孩子们不允许在河里游泳。
5. 她的快速痊愈也许归功于丈夫的精心照料。
She probably her husband’s devoted care.
6. 由于缺乏资金，该项目将中止。
, the project will not continue.
7. I’m sorry to have you with so many questions on such an occasion.
A. asked B. offended C. impressed D. bothered
8. Since many insects have already become to DDT, scientists have to look for some new insecticide.
A. active B. resistant C. preferred D. tough
9. Our troops recaptured the city, but they a heavy price for it.
A. raised B. lifted C. paid D. increased
10. Many young people left their hometown for big cities
better jobs.
A. in favour of B. in search of
C. in charge of D. in honour of
11. He who keeps doing evil is to come to ruin.
A. bound B. easy C. likely D. accidental
12. He must answer the question （他是否同意）.
13. （有消息传来说）a woman in the capital died of the H5N1 virus.
14. The reason why he didn’t come to the party is because he was ill.（改错）
15. I can’t understand is there are more and more junk-emails on the Internet.
A. What; why B. That; what
C. What; because D. Why; that
Unit 2 Cloning
1—2 DA 3. Walking on this grass is forbidden.
4. Children are forbidden from swimming / to swim in the river.
5. owed her rapid recovery to 6. Owing to a lack of funds
7—11 DBCBA 12. whether he agrees or not 13. Word came that
14. because→that 15. A
