专题三：名词
考点概要
安徽省高考英语考试说明中要求掌握：
（1）可数名词及其单复数 （2）不可数名词 （3）专有名词 （4）名词所有格
考点一 抽象名词具体化
1．抽象名词具体化
具有某种特性、状态、特点、情感、情绪的人或事，具体指特定的某一件事时，这一抽象名词可作为可数名词。
|
difficulty困难 |
a difficulty一件难事 |
|
experience经验 |
an experience一次经历 |
|
failure失败 |
a failure一位失败者，一件失败的事 |
|
knowledge知识 |
a good knowledge丰富的知识 |
|
success成功 |
a success一位成功者，一件成功的事 |
|
surprise惊奇 |
a surprise一件令人吃惊的事 |
His new book was a great success. 他的新书获得了巨大成功。
2．有些物质名词可转化为可数名词
|
drink饮料 |
two drinks 两杯饮料 |
sugar糖 |
a sugar一块糖 |
|
coffee咖啡 |
a coffee一杯咖啡 |
paper纸 |
a paper一篇论文 |
|
tea茶 |
two teas两杯茶 |
hair头发 |
a hair一根头发 |
--- Would you like some coffee? ——你想喝点咖啡吗？
--- I would like a coffee and two beers. ——我想要一杯咖啡和两杯啤酒。
练习：
C 1. We have every reason to believe that ____ 2008 Beijing Olympic Games will be ______ success.
A. / … a B. the … / C. the … a D. a … a 07江苏
C 2. What____ pity that you couldn't be there to receive _____ prize! 09陕西
A a; a B the ; a C a ; the D the; the
考点二 名词所有格
名词的所有格在句中表示所有关系，作定语用。有生命名词的所有格一般在词尾加上“’s”；无生命名词的所在格通常用of短语来表示。
1、and并列的所有格
Mary and Tom’s room 两人共同拥有的房间；Mary’s and Tom’s room两人都有自己的房间
2、双重所有格
“of + 名词’s”修饰前面的名词。A friend of my mother’s
练习：
C 1. The _____ shoes were covered with mud, so I asked them to take them off before they got into _____ car.
A. girl's; Tom's B. girls’; Toms’ C. girls’; Tom’s D. girl’s; Toms’ 09江西
D 2. The village is far away from here indeed. It's ____ walk.
A. a four hour B. a four hour's C. a four-hours D. a four hours' 04上海春考
考点三 名词词义辨析
1、义近名词
2、形近名词
3、名词固定搭配
练习：
B 1. From their ____ on the top of the TV Tower, visitors can have a better view of the city.
A. stage B. position C. condition D. situation 09陕西
A 2. At the meeting they discussed three different ______to the study of mathematics.
A. approaches B. means C. methods D. ways 06湖北
D 3. In dealing with public relations, we should make every effort to prevent the _____ in personality.
A. contact B. contrast C. connection D. conflict 04上海
B 4. Usually a child' s behaviour is a ______ of his family environment.
A. recognition B. reflection C. return D. record 04上海春考
D 5. If you're driving to the airport, can you give me a ______?
A. hand B. seat C. drive D. lift 03安徽春考
D 6. Perhaps we need to clear away these books to make _____for our new students.
A. place B. area C. space D. room 03安徽春考
考点四 名词作定语
1、名词作定语主要用来表示被修饰名词的用途、材料、类别等，起修饰作用的名词通常用单数，如：shoe factory; tooth brush。但也有部分名词常用复数形式，如：salesman, clothes shop.
2、数词与表示量的单位名词连用作定语时，用连字符连接，其中的单位名词用单数。如：a ten-mile walk
3、man, woman作定语时，有数的变化。如a woman doctor; some women doctors
练习：
B 1. The ______ is just around the corner and you won't miss it.
A. bicycle's shop B. bicycle shop C. bicycles shop D. bicycles' shop 01上海春考
C 2. It took us quite a long time to get here. It was _____ journey.
A. three-hour B. a three hour C. a three-hour D. three hours 05北京春考
